Sowing device and method for treating seeds during planting

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a sowing device for discharging and treating discharched plant propagation materials during their fall onto an underlying agricultural surface (B), having a reservoir container ( 10 ) for the plant materials, having a separating device ( 20 ) which is configured to separate plant materials (K) fed from the reservoir container and to output them individually, and having an application device ( 30 ) to apply a compound onto the separated plant materials from a cartridge assembly comprising one or more cartridges that each are separate from the reservoir container in the sowing device, wherein the application device is configured to apply the dressing from the one or more cartridges to the separated plant materials after they leave the separating device while the separated plant materials fall freely on toward the underlying agricultural surface wherein the device and the one or more cartridges are configured to allow repeated removal from the device, and optionally, refilling with the dressing composition and replacing in the device, with minimal operator interaction.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to methods of improving plant growthby treating plant propagation materials with a novel seed treatmentduring the sowing process.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Modern farming practices strive to increase yields of agriculturalfields. Treated seeds are coated with substances such as fungicides,insecticides, nematicides and/or fertilizers that can improveperformance of seeds based on particular agronomic characteristics of afield.

Farmers often use treated seeds, which require seed pre-treatment at apre-treatment location, which involves intimate contact with the seedsand dust created by attrition and friction between the seeds duringtransport, storage, and loading, and hence may result in human exposureto the active ingredients. For this use, storage and transport stableseed dressings are typically employed, usually not comprising compoundswith adverse effects cannot be used because of their longer term effecton seedling growth, i.e. when seeds are carried over. While certainpathogen or plant pest infestations may be considered in thispre-treatments, their actual occurrence often strongly depends onfactors such as climate, microclimate; temperature, wind speed anddirections and humidity, which are usually most relevant directly beforethe planting season.

In pre-treatment, usually broad-band approaches are employed, since thepre-treater cannot predict the actual requirements for the particularapplication, and does not permit a bespoke approach per field, or evenper part of a field. This may lead to the use of various superfluousactive ingredients, and/or overdosing on the seeds. On the other hand,in absence of the appropriate active ingredients, particular pestinfestations may not be adequately controlled by the pre-treatment ofthe seeds, requiring additional application of a correspondingpesticide, or leaving the crops vulnerable to the pest in question.

Furthermore, handling treated seeds requires considerable care, anddisposing of leftover treated seeds can be challenging becausepre-treated seeds can be hazardous to, for example, livestock andwildlife. While small quantities of leftover pre-treated seeds cansometimes be planted on additional fields, disposing of largerquantities of pre-treated seeds usually requires incineration or thelike to due to the regulatory status of the treated seeds. Accordingly,it would be beneficial if the pre-treatment process could be performeddone at a timely and local basis, minimizing direct contact by humans orlivestock, as well as wild animals.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the present invention relates to a sowing device fordischarging treating and discharging treated plant materials onto anunderlying agricultural surface, having a reservoir container (10) forthe plant materials, having a separating device (20) which is configuredto separate plant materials (K) fed from the reservoir container (10)and to output them individually, and having an application device (30)to apply a dressing comprising a substrate bearing the at least oneagricultural compound onto the separated plant materials (K) from acartridge assembly comprising one or more cartridges that each areseparate from the reservoir container (10) in the sowing device, whereinthe application device (30) is configured to apply the dressing from theone or more cartridges to the separated plant materials (K) after theyleave the separating device (20) while the separated plant materials (K)fall freely onto toward the underlying agricultural surface (B) whereinthe device and the one or more cartridges are configured to allowrepeated removal from the device, and optionally, refilling with thedressing composition and replacing in the device, with minimal operatorinteraction.

In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a process fortreating plant materials, such as plant propagation materials, wherebythe volume of the seed dressing is limited to the amount needed duringplanting.

In another embodiment the device for delivering a dressing comprising anagricultural product includes a cartridge assembly comprises at leastone cartridge or cannister comprising the at least one agriculturalcompound, and a computer-readable unit having information storedtherein, the dispensing assembly comprising: a) a controller unit; b) adispensing unit in communication with the controller unit and configuredfor generating a fluid supply flow to the application device; and c) aninterface unit in communication with the controller unit, the interfaceunit being configured to interface the computer-readable unit of thecartridge and to at least retrieve the information stored therein;wherein the dispensing unit is responsive to the information stored onthe computer-readable unit and retrieved therefrom.

SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

In the text which follows, the invention will be explained in moredetail with reference to exemplary embodiments illustrated in thedrawing, in which:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic overall illustration of the sowing deviceaccording to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of an application device of afirst exemplary embodiment of the sowing device according to theinvention;

FIG. 3 shows a pulse/time diagram;

FIG. 4 shows a highly simplified schematic illustration of anapplication device of a second exemplary embodiment of the sowing deviceaccording to the invention, and

FIG. 5 shows a likewise highly simplified schematic illustration of anapplication device of a third exemplary embodiment of the sowing deviceaccording to the invention.

FIG. 6 shows a highly simplified schematic illustration of the sowingdevice according to the invention with a seed tank that contains acartridge for holding a seed dressing and that is provided, beneath thetank, with a plurality of rows of a plurality of nozzles; the nozzlesare in fluid communication with the cartridge and can apply, in anapplication device of the sowing device, also beneath the tank, seeddressing from the cartridge to individual plant propagation materialsfalling in a plurality of fall lines from the seed tank.

FIG. 7 shows a highly simplified schematic illustration of the sowingdevice according to the invention with a seed tank and, beneath it, aplurality of cartridges which contain a seed dressing and each of whichis provided with a separate nozzle, beneath each cartridge; each nozzleis in fluid communication with a separate one of the cartridges and canapply, in an application device of the sowing device, also beneath thecartridges, seed dressing from the separate cartridge to individualplant propagation materials falling in a plurality of fall lines fromthe seed tank.

FIG. 8 shows a highly simplified schematic illustration of the sowingdevice according to the invention with a seed tank and, beneath it, aplurality of cartridges which contain a seed dressing and each of whichis provided with a separate pair of nozzles, beneath the cartridges;each pair of nozzles is in fluid communication with a separate one ofthe cartridges and can apply, in an application device of the sowingdevice, also beneath the cartridges, seed dressing from the separatecartridge to individual plant propagation materials falling in aplurality of fall lines from the seed tank.

FIG. 9 shows a highly simplified schematic illustration of the sowingdevice according to the invention with a seed tank and, beneath it, aplurality of pairs of cartridges which contain a seed dressing and eachof which is provided with a separate nozzle, beneath the cartridges;each nozzle is in fluid communication with a separate one of thecartridges, and each pair of nozzles can apply, in an application deviceof the sowing device, also beneath the cartridges, seed dressing fromthe separate cartridge to individual plant propagation materials fallingin a plurality of fall lines from the seed tank.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As used herein, the term seed dressing herein relates to liquidcompositions useful for covering and/or wetting a seed or plant materialat least in part. Such compositions comprise at least one agriculturalcompound, and a diluent, solvent or otherwise carrier permitting anapplication.

As used herein, the term “agricultural compound” herein relates tocompounds known to assist the growth of crops, comprising chemical orbiological substances including but not limited to micronutrients,insecticides, for protecting against sucking and eating insects;fungicides for protecting against fungal pathogens,; inoculants,antibacterials, herbicides; safeners; immune-response-triggeringcompounds; biologicals, biosimilars, gene modulating seed dressings;growth regulators; and crop enhancers that offer specific, chemicallyinduced, physiological responses of plants that increase and/or improveyields, in particular under abiotic stress; as well as solvents,carriers, emulsifiers, viscosity modifiers, stabilizers, encapsulantsand/or any colorants, and any combinations thereof.

As used herein, the term “herbicide,” means and includes an activematerial that kills, controls, or otherwise adversely affects the growthof plants.

As used herein, the term “insecticide,” means and includes an activematerial that kills, regulates, or otherwise adversely affects thegrowth of insects.

Exemplary bactericides include chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline,streptomycin.

As used herein, the term “pesticide,” means and includes an activematerial that kills, regulates, or otherwise adversely affects thegrowth of pests (e.g., insects, mites, ticks, nematodes, bacteria,fungi, diseases, and plants). As used herein, the term “fungicide,”means and includes an active material that kills, controls, or otherwiseadversely affects the growth of fungi or fungal spores.

Where used, references in brackets behind the active ingredients, e.g.[3878-19-1] refer to the Chemical Abstracts Registry number. The abovedescribed mixing partners are known. Where the active ingredients areincluded in “The Pesticide Manual”, The Pesticide Manual—A WorldCompendium; Thirteenth Edition; Editor: C. D. S. TomLin; The BritishCrop Protection Council, they are described therein under the entrynumber given in round brackets hereinabove for the particular compound;for example, the compound “abamectin” is described under entry number(1). Where “[CCN]” is added hereinabove to the particular compound, thecompound in question is included in the “Compendium of Pesticide CommonNames”, which is accessible on the internet, see A. Wood; Compendium ofPesticide Common Names, Copyright © 1995-2004.

Most of the active ingredients described below are referred tohereinabove by a so-called “common name”, the relevant “ISO common name”or another “common name” being used in individual cases. If thedesignation is not a “common name”, the nature of the designation usedinstead is given in round brackets for the particular compound; in thatcase, the IUPAC name, the IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name, a “chemicalname”, a “traditional name”, a “compound name” or a “development code”is used or, if neither one of those designations nor a “common name” isused, an “alternative name” is employed. “CAS Reg. No” means theChemical Abstracts Registry Number.

In respect of the sowing method, the essence of the invention consistsin the following: in a sowing method for discharging plant material(herein also referred to as seeds) onto an underlying surface forseeding or planting, plant materials which are present in a reservoircontainer are removed from the reservoir container and separated. Seeddressing is applied to the separated plant propagation materials, andthe individual plant propagation materials to which seed dressing hasbeen applied are successively delivered onto the underlying surface forseed. The application of seed dressing to the separated plant materialstakes place here during their falling movement onto the underlyingsurface for seed. The plant propagation materials may fall onto theunderlying surface along a straight or curved fall line. For example, ifthe plant propagation materials have a velocity component substantiallyparallel to the underlying surface, for example due to horizontalmovement of the sowing device as it traverses the underlying surface, aswell as a downward acceleration component due to gravity, then the fallline may be substantially parabolic in a frame of reference where theunderlying surface is stationary, while the fall line may besubstantially straight in a frame of reference where the sowing deviceis stationary.

Applying seed dressing to the plant propagation materials, as it were,in free fall prevents contamination of the components of thecorresponding sowing device. In particular, seed dressing is not appliedto the plant propagation materials while they rest on a surface or whilethey are held in a container or reservoir or other device. In this way,it is possible to apply seed dressing to the plant propagation materialswithout at the same time contaminating parts of the sowing device withthe seed dressing, as in the prior art.

Yet further, due to the fact that each aliquot is directed towards asingle plant propagation material, by combining environmental dataand/or geolocation data, the operator may vary the composition and/orconcentration of the applied dressing during a single application orsowing run. This has the benefit that only where necessary, certainactive compounds are used, and also specifically for a certain seed orseed patch. An example may be crop fields were different climateconditions apply, e.g. higher soil humidity towards a water source,which may lead to a certain pest to likely originate from this spot; byadapting the concentration or even presence of a certain compound, thismay be treated only where necessary. Also, where certain areas are morearid or subject to a certain stress, additional growth enhancer might beadded for this area or patch, resulting in a more uniform overallgrowth, and hence increased harvest. Yet further, the present inventionalso allows for the use of dedicated removable cartridges or cannisters,which may reduce the operator exposure significantly. Also, this mayadvantageously permit applying the principles of digital printing to theprocess of planting and/or sowing, thereby allowing for an adaption tothe terrain and current and modelled conditions. Yet further, thepresent device and method also permit the use of relatively storageunstable components, such as biologicals or biosimilar compounds, whichwere previously unsuited for pre-treatment of plant propagationmaterials, and the treatment of storage unstable plant propagationmaterials such as cuttings or seedlings.

After the plant propagation materials have been separated they may beallowed to fall through a sensor shaft, wherein the passage of eachseparated seed through the sensor shaft is detected by sensor and a timedelay until the seed arrives at an impact location, located along thefall line of said seed, outside the sensor shaft is calculated, andwherein the application of seed dressing to the seed takes place at theimpact location in accordance with the calculated time delay. In thisway, precise application of seed dressing to the plant propagationmaterials can be achieved.

In this context, a triggerable application nozzle is advantageously usedto apply seed dressing to the plant propagation materials, whichapplication nozzle ejects, each time it is triggered, a defined quantityof seed dressing along an spraying trajectory, wherein the impactlocation is defined as an intersection point between the fall line of aseed and the spraying trajectory of the application nozzle. The sprayingtrajectory may be essentially linear. The application nozzle isconnected to a source of seed dressing. The seed dressing isadvantageously in fluid form, for example in liquid, gel or dropletform. It is conceivable that a seed dressing in the form of an adhesivepowder could be used. The defined quantity of seed dressing may be from0.05 to 50 μl, preferably 0.1 to 15 μl, optionally from 0.3 to 10 μl,optionally from 1 to 5 μl, optionally from 2 to 4 μl, optionally of from2.5 to 3.5 μl. However, it will be appreciated that different quantitiesof seed dressing may be appropriate for differently-sized plantpropagation materials. The actual colume may be determined according tothe seed size, the amount needed for flowing an application, viscosityof the dressing composition, or any other required parameter, and may beadvantageously varied by e.g. changing the settings of the system, butalso changing nozzles and or other parts of the system such as pumps orvalves.

The seed dressing may be supplied to the application nozzle by way of acontrollable valve, for example a solenoid valve or a pneumatically- orhydraulically-driven valve. By appropriate control of the valve, it ispossible to control a volume of seed dressing delivered each time theapplication nozzle is triggered. The delivered volume may be varied asrequired, for example for different seed positions or different seeddressings or different seed types. Moreover, in some embodiments apressure of the seed dressing supplied to the application nozzle may becontrolled, for example by way of the pump, so as to control or adjust avelocity of the sprayed seed dressing. Differently sized and shapednozzles, pumps and pressures may advantageously be employed fordifferent volumes and/or composition dressing properties and applicationspeeds.

The transverse position of each seed within the sensor shaft isadvantageously detected by at least one sensor. The impact location maybe defined individually on the basis of the transverse position, andaccordingly the time delay until the seed arrives at the impact locationcan be calculated individually. In this way, a sensor shaft with arelatively wide cross section can be used, with the result that thefalling movements of the plant propagation materials are not impeded.

The application nozzle is advantageously oriented in such a way that itsspraying trajectory intersects the fall lines of the plant propagationmaterials at an acute angle of preferably 30°-60°. As a result seeddressing can be reliably applied to plant propagation materials movingon various fall lines. In some embodiments, the intersection between thespraying trajectory and a fall line may be up to 5 cm, or up to 10 cm,from the application nozzle. It is generally preferred for the distancebetween the application nozzle and the intersection to be short, sincethis helps to improve the application accuracy of the seed dressing.

Two or more seed dressings are advantageously applied to the separatedplant propagation materials by means of two or more application nozzles.As a result it is possible to treat the plant propagation materials withvarious or different seed dressings.

With respect to the sowing device, the essence of the invention is asfollows: a sowing device for discharging plant material onto anunderlying surface for seed has a reservoir container for the plantmaterial, a separating device which is designed to separate plantpropagation materials fed from the reservoir container and to outputthem individually, and an application device to apply seed dressing tothe separated plant propagation materials. The application device isconfigured to apply seed dressing to the separated plant propagationmaterials after they leave the separating device during their fallingmovement onto the underlying surface for seed.

Applying seed dressing to the plant propagation materials, as it were,in free fall prevents contamination of the components of the sowingdevice.

The application device is advantageously embodied as a structurallyindependent unit and is arranged underneath the separating device in thefalling path of the separated plant propagation materials. As a result,the application device can be used on various sowing devices.

The application device advantageously has a sensor shaft which is openat both ends, and the application device is arranged in such a way thatthe separated plant propagation materials fall through the sensor shafton their path from the separating device to the underlying surface forseed. This permits the falling plant propagation materials to bedecoupled from external influences. For example, plant propagationmaterials falling within the sensor shaft may be protected fromcrosswinds or from rain.

At least one sensor for detecting the passage of a seed through thesensor shaft is advantageously arranged on an interior surface of thesensor shaft. The application device may have an application nozzle forthe seed dressing, which application nozzle may be configured to apply adefined quantity of seed dressing to a seed which has fallen through thesensor shaft, once the seed is outside the sensor shaft, wherein theapplication device has a controller which cooperates with the at leastone sensor, and which controller brings about the triggering of theapplication nozzle in accordance with sensor signals generated by the atleast one sensor, in order to apply seed dressing to the seed. In thisway, precise application of seed dressing to the plant propagationmaterials is possible.

The sensor may be an optical sensor, for example a CMOS or CCD-typesensor. In some embodiments, the sensor may be an optical sensorprovided on one side of the sensor shaft in combination with a lightsource on the other side of the sensor shaft, thus forming an opticalgate to detect when a seed passes between the light source and theoptical sensor. In some embodiments, the sensor detects light reflectedfrom a falling seed onto the sensor, for example by detecting a colourchange or a change in light intensity.

In some embodiments, at least two sensors for detecting the passage of aseed through the sensor shaft may be arranged one after the other on aninterior surface of the sensor shaft, in the falling direction of theplant propagation materials. As a seed falls, it may trigger a firstsensor and subsequently a second sensor, thus allowing a rate of fall ofthe seed to be calculated by the controller. The controller can thencalculate, on the basis of the sensor signals of the at least twosensors, a time delay after which it brings about the triggering of theapplication nozzle so as to target the seed correctly with the seeddressing. In this way, the rate of fall of the plant propagationmaterials can be taken into account during control of the application ofseed dressing to the seed.

In some embodiments, at least one array of sensors may be provided on aninterior surface of the sensor shaft. The at least one array may be aone-dimensional array, for example a linear array. The at least onearray may be a two-dimensional array. By providing an array of sensors,it is possible to determine a lateral position of a seed within thesensor shaft with reference to a lateral dimension of the array.

The application nozzle is advantageously designed to eject, each time itis triggered, a defined quantity of seed dressing. The seed dressing maybe ejected along a spraying trajectory. The spraying trajectory may beessentially linear. The controller may calculate the position of animpact location at which the spraying trajectory and the fall line ofthe seed to which seed dressing is applied intersect. The controller maycalculate the time delay on the basis of the position of the impactlocation and of the rate of fall of the seed.

The application nozzle may be configured to eject a spray or droplets ofseed dressing along the spraying trajectory towards the seed. The sprayor droplets may cover the entire surface of the seed, or may cover onlypart of the surface of the seed. In particular, droplet-shapedapplication is to be understood as meaning here an application of seeddressing which does not completely surround the seed but rather coversonly a relatively small (“punctiform”) or relatively large part of thesurface of the seed. The seed dressing may be configured such that itadheres as droplets to the seed. In some embodiments, the seed dressingmay be chosen to dry relatively quickly and without loss of adhesion tothe surface of the seed. In some embodiments, the seed dressing may bechosen so as not to dry before the seed reaches the underlying surface.

The application nozzle may comprise or be made of a corundum material,such as sapphire or ruby. In some embodiments, the application nozzlemay comprise or be made of a ceramic material or a hard alloy material.It is preferred that the application nozzle is made of a hard materialthat is resistant to wear, abrasion and/or erosion. Abrasive particlesin the seed dressing can cause unacceptable erosion of nozzles made ofconventional softer metal materials.

The application nozzle is advantageously oriented in such a way that itsspraying trajectory intersects the fall lines of the plant propagationmaterials at an acute angle of preferably 30°-60°. As a result, seeddressing can be reliably applied to plant propagation materials whichare moving on various fall lines. It will be appreciated that a seedfalling from the sensor shaft at a location close to the applicationnozzle will intersect the spraying trajectory before a seed falling fromthe sensor shaft at a location remote from the application nozzle. Thisis because the spraying trajectory is angled downwardly with respect toa horizontal direction across the sensor shaft. Accordingly, when the atleast one sensor detects that a seed is falling on a fall line remotefrom the application nozzle, a time delay needs to be applied whenactivating the application nozzle so as to compensate for the additionaltime needed for the seed to reach the intersection between the fall lineand the spraying trajectory. Account also needs to be taken of theadditional time needed for the spray to reach the seed falling on thefall line remote from the application nozzle.

In some embodiments, a plurality of sensors, which detect the transverseposition of the plant propagation materials within the sensor shaft, areadvantageously arranged on the sensor shaft, wherein the controllercalculates individually the time delay for each seed taking into accountthe transverse position of the seed. In this way, a sensor shaft with arelatively wide cross section can be used, with the result that thefalling movements of the plant propagation materials are not impeded.

The application device advantageously has two or more applicationnozzles, by means of which two or more seed dressings can be applied tothe separated plant propagation materials. In this way, the one or moreseed dressings can be applied to the plant propagation materials bymeans of the same application device, depending on requirements.

In some embodiments, at least one additional sensor may be provided todetect whether or not a particular seed has actually been hit by thespray from the application nozzle. The additional sensor may be anoptical sensor, for example a CMOS- or CCD-type sensor. The at least oneadditional sensor may detect a change in light reflected from the seeddue to application of the spray. This may be a change in reflectance or,where the seed dressing has a particular colour (for example, impartedby a dye additive), the additional sensor may detect a colour change inreflected light. Data may be collected giving information as to aproportion of plant propagation materials that have been correctlyprovided with seed dressing by the applicator nozzle. In someembodiments, feedback control may be provided so as to vary one or morespray parameters, for example one or more of a spray pressure, spraytrajectory, spray volume, seed dressing temperature and/or seed dressingviscosity, in response to detecting that an insufficient proportion ofplant propagation materials have been correctly provided with seeddressing by the applicator nozzle.

In some embodiments, the sensor shaft may be omitted. Instead of fallingdown a sensor shaft as described above, plant propagation materials maybe dispensed from the reservoir container directly to the underlyingsurface. Alternatively, the plant propagation materials may be extractedfrom reservoir container by mechanical or other means, for example aconveyor or a brush belt, before being allowed to fall freely to theunderlying surface. In these embodiments, the at least one sensor ispositioned and the reservoir container configured such that the plantpropagation materials fall from the reservoir container along fall linesthat traverse or pass the at least one sensor, allowing falling plantpropagation materials to be detected as described above. The at leastone application nozzle applies seed dressing to individual plantpropagation materials as they fall freely from the reservoir container,and the at least one application nozzle is activated and controlled onthe basis on signals from the at least one sensor. As before, animportant advantage is that the seed dressing is directed towards theplant propagation materials while in free fall, thereby reducingcontamination of fixed or other machinery surfaces with seed dressing.

In some embodiments, geolocation data may be collected while the plantpropagation materials are being sown, thus enabling a map to begenerated of the underlying surface (for example, a field) includingdata relating to spray parameters and/or composition of the seeddressing. Geolocation data may be collected by way of a globalnavigation satellite system such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo or similar.

The controller may include a computer-readable storage medium comprisinginstructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer tocarry out various of the steps described above. In particular, but notexclusively, the controller may be programmed to perform one or more of:processing signals from the at least one sensor, triggering theapplication device, calculating the delay time, calculating the rate offall of a seed, determining a position of a seed, determining whether ornot a seed has been correctly applied with seed dressing, determininggeolocation data, and adjusting parameters of the application of seeddressing from the application device.

The application device of the sowing device according to the inventioncan be used on sowing devices of various types. For this reason,independent protection is also claimed for an application device whichis designed to apply seed dressing to separated plant propagationmaterials during a falling movement of the plant propagation materials.

In the present invention, the cartridge assembly advantageouslycomprises at least one cartridge or cannister comprising the at leastone agricultural compound, and a computer-readable unit havinginformation stored therein, the dispensing assembly comprising:

a) a controller unit; b) a dispensing unit in communication with thecontroller unit and configured for generating a fluid supply flow to theapplication device; c) an interface unit in communication with thecontroller unit, the interface unit being configured to interface thecomputer-readable unit of the cartridge and to at least retrieve theinformation stored therein; wherein the dispensing unit is responsive tothe information stored on the computer-readable unit and retrievedtherefrom. Preferably, the controller unit and the interface unit areintegral. The controller unit advantageously is configured to retrieveand to write information from and onto the computer-readable unit viathe interface unit. The interface unit preferably comprises a connectoror a radio-frequency transceiver, which permits control of fillinglevels and of application speeds and dressing composition, as well asminimizing downtime needed to refill the sowing device.

Preferably, the controller unit is also configured to control the fluidsupply unit based on the information stored on the computer-readableunit and retrieved therefrom, advantageously by modulating the volumeand pressure of the fluid supply unit based on the information stored onthe computer-readable unit and retrieved therefrom.

The one or more cartridges are configured and constructed to permitrepeated removal from the device, and then either refilled with thedressing composition and then placed back into the device, preferably,or replaced by pre-filled cartridges.

Advantageously, the one or more cartridges are each connected to anozzle from a plurality of nozzles, through which the dressing can beapplied from the cartridge to the plant materials.

Advantageously, the device may contain a plurality of the cartridgesthat each comprise a dressing composition, or at least one agriculturalcomponent, which may be identical or different.

The device may preferably further comprise a diluent reservoir forholding and supplying a diluent composition, and a diluent control unitfor controlling the supply of the diluent composition duringapplication. This diluent supply unit is ideally configured to supplydiluent to flush the supply lines, and/or for diluting and/ortransporting the agricultural compound to the application device (30).

Preferably, the device comprises at least two cartridge connector unitsto detachably attach the cartridges to the device, wherein eachcartridge comprises a reservoir configured to hold at least anagricultural compounds. Herein, a first compound may for instance be oneof a herbicide, a pesticide, and a fungicide, the second compound beingone of the same, or of a different herbicide, a different pesticide anda different fungicide; and the device further preferably comprises amixing controller unit configured to compose a seed dressing from the atleast first and at least second cartridge and the diluent composition.Preferably, the device also comprises a processor configured to identifythe plant material and at least one additional environmental parameter,and configured to controllably regulate the amount of the diluent, firstchemical and/or second compound to be respectively provided to the fluidsupply lines, and controlling the supply to the formed composition toapplication device.

Environmental conditions may include one or more agricultural managementparameters for planting and growing crops is suited for promoting plantgrowth. This data may advantageously be collected from sensors on thedevice, or from other devices equipped with sensors andlocation-determining receivers. The environmental data may be associatedwith a field for growing a crop in a particular location, or with aparticular crop type. The device further preferably comprises atransmitter configured to transmit at least the seed and the at leastone additional data to a remote computer for data analysis, wherein thetransmitter is configured to transmit an order request to the remotecomputer for the remote computer to prepare and procure anothercartridge with suitable agricultural compounds to selectively compose aseed treatment. The location-determining receiver preferably thenfacilitates referencing measurement locations to the particularlocation, and a transmitter then preferably transmits the collectedenvironmental data to a data processing system. This data processingsystem may then apply the collected environmental data to an agronomicmodel for estimating one or more agricultural management parameters,e.g. need for certain active ingredients due to predictions of emergenceof a certain pest, and adjust the seed dressing to be appliedaccordingly. Also, the system may then require the operator, or a remotecomputer system, to prepare and dispatch another cartridge or cartridgeswith a dressing or at least one agricultural compound that may be neededfor the treatment of a specific location. This permits to apply anin-0time management for the delivery of agricultural compounds withminimal downtime for the sowing apparatus. The data may be transmittedusing an automatic wireless transmission but also a manually initiatedtransmission, or a physical wired connection may be applied, wherein theanother cartridge is delivered to an address corresponding to a locationof the device.

Cartridges for use with the present invention may comprise a completeformulated seed dressing compositions, including one or moreagricultural compounds, diluents and adjuvants, or may compriseconcentrates.

In the latter case, accurately proportioned aliquots of the desired seeddressing may be prepared by metering a diluent flow to the a concentrateflow, static mixers such as Venturi systems, and flow through deviceswhich typically channel a flow of fluid streams through a reservoir thatholds a soluble product or concentrate, releasing the product into thestream.

This may be done by conventional metering pumps in the fluid supplysystem, which either may inject a predetermined amount of theconcentrate into the fluid supply stream while adjusting to changes inflow volume in the stream, or they may be controlled electronically byflow sensors located in the fluid stream. Preferably, such componentsare chosen that they are essentially inert to wear and mechanicalfailure.

Using concentrates, the present invention may also provide forconvenient packaging for handling and shipping, since the cartridges maybe made smaller and lighter than presently used reservoir containers,thereby offering the potential to reduce manufacturing and shippingcosts are therefore reduced. Furthermore, there is less volume ofagricultural product required, resulting in reduced storage and handlingrequirements.

In some embodiments the cartridges comprising the agricultural productmay be rigid. In some embodiments the agricultural product containersmay be disposable.

It is thus an objective of the present invention to provide a device fordispensing selectively agricultural compounds, in which removablecartridges can be removed before being fully depleted and then reusedlater, the cartridges generally keeping track of the remainingdispensing volume.

Hence, a device for dispensing agricultural compounds, in accordancewith the principles of the present invention, generally comprises ahousing having therein a main dispensing unit in fluid connection with afluid flow control unit capable of producing fluid flow between thedispensing unit and an application device, and a controller unitoperatively connected to the fluid flow unit. The device also comprisesa removable cartridge which can be received in the dispensing unitfluidly closed and tamper proof manner, to minimize operator and generalenvironmental exposure.

According to an aspect of the present invention, each cartridge mayadvantageously comprise a computer-readable unit, itself generallycomprising at least an electronic data storage unit and an interfaceunit. The data storage unit has stored therein information such as, butnot limited to, the serial number of the cartridge, the type ofagricultural compound contained in the cartridge, the recommendeddispensing cycle, the estimated remaining dispensing time or volume ofthe agricultural compound.

Correspondingly, the dispensing unit of the device generally comprisesan interface unit operatively connected to the controller unit, orsubstantially integral therewith, which is configured to communicatewith and read the information from the data storage unit of thecomputer-readable unit of the cartridge inserted in the device and totransmit the information to the controller unit. The interface unit ofthe dispensing unit is also preferably configured for writing updatedand/or new information on the data storage unit of the computer-readableunit of the cartridge.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the controllerunit is responsive to the information read from the computer-readableunit of the cartridge. In that sense, the controller unit can performdifferent functions depending on the information read. For example, uponbeing informed of the desired dispensing cycle, the controller unit candrive the fluid supply unit according to a specific sequence and/oraccording to a specific speed.

In another example, upon being informed of the estimated remainingdispensing volume or time, the controller unit could turn on and/orflash a warning indicator to indicate that the remaining dispensingvolume is below a certain threshold and that the cartridge should bereplaced.

In still another example, upon being informed of the type ofagricultural compound stored in the cartridge, the controller unit couldmodulate the fluid supply speed to take into account the volume of thecompound.

The computer-readable unit of the cartridge could be interfaced by theinterface unit of the dispensing unit wirelessly (e.g. viaradio-frequency transceivers) or through a physical connection (e.g. viaconnectors).

Though many kinds of known substrates could be used in the cartridges,those that allow for either easy cleaning and refill, or disposal interms of incineration are preferred.

Hence, a device for dispensing dressings comprising agriculturalcompounds, in accordance with the principles of the present invention,generally comprises a main dispensing unit capable of receivingremovable cartridges. The dispensing unit generally comprises acontroller unit and a fluid supply unit in communication with thecontroller unit.

Each of the cartridges generally comprises a casing having therein asubstrate bearing the one or more agricultural compound(s) and anydiluents or solvents or otherwise carrier fluids to be dispensed, and acomputer-readable unit capable of being interfaced by the controllerunit of the dispensing unit. Advantageously, the device also comprises afluid circuit for flushing or recycling diluent and seed dressingcomposition, to a waste reservoir. Yet further, the present apparatusand device also preferably includes suitable fluid loops for flushing,purging and cleaning the fluid system. Preferably, the system alsocomprises a waste reservoir, more preferably in the shape of a wastecartridge or cannister which may allow to flush and purge the systemcompletely with a cleaning diluent or solvent, thereby avoiding operatorexposure entirely, and allowing to return unused components to asuitable waste disposal process. Switching between the various cycles orrecycles may advantageously be performed using automated two-orthree-way valves.

The one or more cartridges may be preferably configured to be detachablyattached to the device according the invention in a tamper-proof manner,and comprise a reservoir configured to hold at least a firstagricultural compound. Preferably, the cartridge further comprises acontrollable conduit operatively connected to the reservoir of thecartridge; and a cartridge controller that controllably regulates thedispensing of the a first agricultural compound to conduit when thecartridge is in fluid connection, and controls the dispensing of the afirst agricultural compound into the fluid supply system and interactswith the device controller unit.

In accordance with the principles of the present invention, thecontroller unit may controllably drive the fluid supply unit based oninformation retrieved from the computer-readable unit of the cartridgereceived in the dispensing unit. Also in accordance with the principlesof the present invention, the controller unit can warn the operator,through different signalling or warning schemes that a cartridge isalmost depleted, or calculate the time until a cartridge needsreplacement.

Accordingly, the present invention also relates to a sowing and seedtreatment system comprising: a. a remote facility including a remotecomputer, and b. a filling station located at a remote location; and c.a shipping centre configured to package and ship the another cartridgeto a predetermined address, and d. a device according to the invention.

By providing the ability to the cartridges and to the controller unit tocommunicate with each the other, and by providing the cartridges withmemory, the present invention provides significant benefits such as, butnot limited to, allowing the controller unit of the dispensing device todrive the supply unit according to a sequence and/or a speed whichactually depend on the cartridge used in the device, and allowing theuser to remove a used yet non-depleted cartridge and then reuse itlater. In an embodiment of the present invention, the cartridge and thenozzle may be executed integrally.

Where used, references in brackets behind the active ingredients, e.g.[3878-19-1] refer to the Chemical Abstracts Registry number. The abovedescribed mixing partners are known. Where the active ingredients areincluded in “The Pesticide Manual”, The Pesticide Manual—A WorldCompendium; Thirteenth Edition; Editor: C. D. S. TomLin; The BritishCrop Protection Council, they are described therein under the entrynumber given in round brackets hereinabove for the particular compound;for example, the compound “abamectin” is described under entry number(1). Where “[CCN]” is added hereinabove to the particular compound, thecompound in question is included in the “Compendium of Pesticide CommonNames”, which is accessible on the internet, see A. Wood; Compendium ofPesticide Common Names, Copyright © 1995-2004.

Most of the active ingredients described below are referred tohereinabove by a so-called “common name”, the relevant “ISO common name”or another “common name” being used in individual cases. If thedesignation is not a “common name”, the nature of the designation usedinstead is given in round brackets for the particular compound; in thatcase, the IUPAC name, the IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name, a “chemicalname”, a “traditional name”, a “compound name” or a “development code”is used or, if neither one of those designations nor a “common name” isused, an “alternative name” is employed. “CAS Reg. No” means theChemical Abstracts Registry Number.

As used herein, the term “dressing composition” herein relates to liquidcompositions useful for covering and/or wetting a seed or plant materialat least in part. Such compositions comprise at least one agriculturalcompound, and a diluent, solvent or otherwise carrier permitting anapplication. This “dressing composition”, also referred to herein as“dressing” or “seed dressing”, relates to a substance formulation whichis a liquid or a gel, and of such a and which contains activeagricultural compounds, and additionally may also contain othercomponents, such as fillers, diluents, solvents, adhesive agents,dispersants, stabilizers, emulsifiers and colouring agents. In someembodiments, the dressing may be an adhesive powder. In the followingdescription, all the positional information and directional information,such as e.g. top, bottom, above, below, upwards, downwards, vertical,horizontal, etc. relate to the upright position of the sowing deviceaccording to the invention as illustrated in the figures andcorresponding to their practical use.

As used herein, the term an “underlying surface” is understood to be anagricultural soil or other solid medium onto which the plant propagationmaterial, such as seeds and seedlings, are applied.

The term “plant propagation material” herein may refer to any seed,seedling, tuber, stem cutting or otherwise useful material for growingand propagating plants or crops. Many plant species, such as severalfruits and ornamental plant species, are commonly reproduced byvegetative propagation (or “clonal propagation” or “vegetativereproduction”). Preferably it may refer to seeds, which are usuallycomposed of individual plant propagation materials.

The term “seeds” herein may be granular seeds, pelleted granular seeds,dummy seeds or combinations thereof. Advantageously, “dummy seeds”, i.e.particles that are not plant propagation materials may be sown andtreated alongside the actual seeds. Such “dummy seeds” may be useful ine.g. spacing apart smaller seeds or may be specifically sowed to carryphytotoxic dressing in e.g. rows parallel and spaced apart from rows ofseeds, or fertilizers and growth enhancers to improve the soil quality.

Yet further, where plant propagation materials are employed that arevery small, or irregular in shape and weight, these may be difficult tosow in regular distribution with a single seedling per cell, and with astraight row. Accordingly, there may be a number of erroneously plantedseeds, and hence some cells will have more than one seed, while others,none. With high seed costs and largely for automated harvesting, it isnot desirable simply place multiple seeds per cell, and then remove themto allow only a single plant in due time. Applicants have found thatbeneficially, seeds or propagation materials in general may then be putthrough a process called “pelleting”, wherein preferably an inertmaterial is coated onto the seeds, thereby forming a more regular anduniform shape and size, e.g. wherein tiny Petunia seeds are pelleted toan identical size and shape as lettuce seeds. The thus pelleted seedshave several benefits, are several, including easier use of standardizedequipment, a more regular spread of the seeds, and a higher rate ofselective coating with the dressing composition. This in turn may reducethe need for thinning of fields, and easier automation in greenhouseapplications seed starting. Preferably, the pelleting material used onthe seeds is selected to absorb water quickly, ensuring the uniformmoisture around the seeds, and thereby increasing germination rates.

The term “seed” herein preferably relates to a seed of a crop or plantspecies including but not limited to corn (Zea mays), Brassica sp.(e.g., B. napus, B. rapa. B. juncea), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), rice(Oryza sativa), rye (Secale cereale), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, Sorghumvulgare), millet (e.g., pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), proso millet(Panicum miliaceum), foxtail millet (Setaria italica), finger millet(Eleusine coracana)), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), safflower(Carthamus tinctorius), wheat (Triticum aestivum), soybean (Glycinemax), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), peanuts(Arachis hypogaea), cotton (Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium hirsutum),sweet potato (Ipomoea batatus), cassava (Manihot esculenta), coffee(Cofea spp.), coconut (Cocos nucifera), pineapple (Ananas comosus),citrus trees (Citrus spp.), cocoa (Theobroma cacao), tea (Camelliasinensis), banana (Musa spp.), avocado (Persea americana), fig (Ficuscasica), guava (Psidium guajava), mango (Mangifera indica), olive (Oleaeuropaea), papaya (Carica papaya), cashew (Anacardium occidental),macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia), almond (Prunus amygdalus), sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris), sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), oats, barley,vegetables, ornamentals, woody plants such as conifers and deciduoustrees, squash, pumpkin, hemp, zucchini, apple, pear, quince, melon,plum, cherry, peach, nectarine, apricot, strawberry, grape, raspberry,blackberry, soybean, sorghum, sugarcane, rapeseed, clover, carrot, andArabidopsis thaliana.

In a preferred embodiment, the seed may be of any vegetables speciesincluding but not limited to tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), lettuce(e.g., Lactuca sativa), green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), lima beans(Phaseolus limensis), peas (Lathyrus spp.), cauliflower, broccoli,turnip, radish, spinach, asparagus, onion, garlic, pepper, celery, andmembers of the genus Cucumis such as cucumber (C. sativus), cantaloupe(C. cantalupensis), and musk melon (C. melo).

In another preferred embodiment, the plant propagation material may beof any ornamental species including but not limited to hydrangea(Macrophylla hydrangea), hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), petunias(Petunia hybrida), roses (Rosa spp.), azalea (Rhododendron spp.), tulips(Tulipa spp.), daffodils (Narcissus spp.), carnation (Dianthuscaryophyllus), poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima), and chrysanthemum.

In one embodiment, the plant propagation material may be of any coniferspecies including but not limited to conifers pines such as loblollypine (Pinus taeda), slash pine (Pinus elliotii), ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), and Monterey pine (Pinusradiata), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii); Western hemlock (Tsugacanadensis); Sitka spruce (Picea glauca); redwood (Sequoiasempervirens); true firs such as silver fir (Abies amabilis) and balsamfir (Abies balsamea); and cedars such as Western red cedar (Thujaplicata) and Alaska yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis).

In another preferred embodiment, the seed may be of any leguminous plantspecies including but not limited beans and peas. Beans include guar,locust bean, fenugreek, soybean, garden beans, cowpea, mungbean, limabean, fava bean, lentils, chickpea pea, moth bean, broad bean, kidneybean, lentil, dry bean, etc. Legumes include, but are not limited to,Arachis, e.g., peanuts, Vicia, e.g., crown vetch, hairy vetch, adzukibean, mung bean, and chickpea, Lupinus, e.g., lupine, trifolium,Phaseolus, e.g., common bean and lima bean, Pisum, e.g., field bean,Melilotus, e.g., clover, Medicago, e.g., alfalfa, Lotus, e.g., trefoil,lens, e.g., lentil, and false indigo. Typical forage and turf grass foruse in the methods described herein include but are not limited toalfalfa, orchard grass, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, creeping bentgrass, lucerne, birdsfoot trefoil, clover, stylosanthes species,Lotononis bainesii, sainfoin and redtop. Other grass species includebarley, wheat, oat, rye, orchard grass, guinea grass, sorghum or turfgrass plant.

In another preferred embodiment, the seed may be selected from thefollowing crops or vegetables: corn, wheat, sorghum, soybean, tomato,cauliflower, radish, cabbage, canola, lettuce, rye grass, grass, rice,cotton, sunflower and the like.

It is understood that the term “seed” or “seedling” is not limited to aspecific or particular type of species or seed. The term “seed” or“seedling” can refer to seed from a single plant species, a mixture ofseed from multiple plant species, or a seed blend from various strainswithin a plant species.

In another preferred embodiment, crop plant propagation materials mayinclude but are not limited to rice, corn, wheat, barley, oats, soybean,cotton, sunflower, alfalfa, sorghum, rapeseed, sugarbeet, tomato, bean,carrot, tobacco or flower seeds.

Vegetative propagation is the ability of plants to reproduce withoutsexual reproduction, by producing new, genetically identical, plantsfrom existing vegetative structures. The most common method ofartificial vegetative propagation involves removal of parts (commonlyreferred to as “cuttings”) from the parent plant and placed in asuitable environment where they can grow into a whole new plant. Cuttingtakes advantage of the ability of plants to form adventitious rootsunder certain conditions, and the resulting plant is a clone of theparent plant. By plant “parts” is intended all above ground vegetativeparts of crop plants such as primary or secondary shoots, leaf, stems,branches, and the like. The methods are useful for any portion of theplant from which adventitious roots can form in the cultivation medium.In some embodiments, the plant part or cutting is a shoot. The shoot canbe at least about 1 cm, at least about 2 cm, at least about 3 cm, atleast about 5 cm, or larger. The present invention also relates todescribes methods for clonally propagating agricultural crop plants,particularly maize, sorghum, wheat, cotton, rice, soybean, sugar-beet,sugarcane, tobacco, barley, and oilseed rape crop plants. In a preferredembodiment, the plants may be clonally propagated in a purely soil basedsystem. In such a system, the root system of the plants must remain in asufficiently aqueous environment in order to survive and grow roots.Methods useful for the preparation of plant propagation materials mayfurther preferably comprise removing a part (or “cutting”) from a cropplant, such as a primary or secondary shoot or stem, and placing it in asuitable medium sufficient to support the development of one or moreroots in the medium. The new plant can then be grown under suitableconditions into a mature plant. Where such cuttings or seedlings areemployed, often these are allowed to fall into indentations in the soilprepared prior to the seeding or planting. Seeds on the other hand areusually allowed to fall into furrows, trenches or otherwise preparedplant receiving cavities, which are then usually closed up after sowingto prevent loss of the seeds due to e.g. wind or animals.

The liquid seed dressing composition used in the present invention maycomprise a liquid diluent material and one or more agriculturalcompounds. The activity of compositions comprising agriculturalcompounds according to the invention may be adapted to prevailingcircumstances, by including other active substances.

As used herein, the term “agricultural compound” herein relates tocompounds such as those fungicidal, insecticidal and/or growth-promotingeffects, i.e. compounds and substances known to assist the growth ofcrops, comprising chemical or biological substances including but notlimited to micronutrients, insecticides, for protecting against suckingand eating insects; fungicides for protecting against fungal pathogens,;inoculants, antibacterials, herbicides; safeners;immune-response-triggering compounds; biologicals, biosimilars, genemodulating seed dressings; growth regulators; and crop enhancers thatoffer specific, chemically induced, physiological responses of plantsthat increase and/or improve yields, in particular under abiotic stress;as well as diluents, solvents, carriers, emulsifiers, viscositymodifiers, stabilizers, encapsulants and/or any colorants, and anycombinations thereof. Preferred micronutrients include Zinc, Molybdenum,Manganese, Magnesium, Boron, Copper, Iron, Nickel, and Chlorine.

The dressing composition may be applied at application stage, whichherein relates to the viscosity and concentration that allowsapplication as a fluid to a plant propagation material.

The agricultural components may be stored in one or more reservoir, e.g.in cartridges or cannisters, as final compositions ready for us, alsoreferred to herein as a “tank mix”; or as a concentrate, furtherreferred to as “pre-mix”, which requires a diluent or carrier forformation of the tank mix composition. As used herein, the term“herbicide,” means and includes an active material that kills, controls,or otherwise adversely affects the growth of plants.

As used herein, the term “insecticide,” means and includes an activematerial that kills, regulates, or otherwise adversely affects thegrowth of insects. Exemplary bactericides include chlortetracycline,oxytetracycline, streptomycin.

As used herein, the term “pesticide,” means and includes an activematerial or substance that kills, regulates, or otherwise adverselyaffects the growth of pests (e.g., insects, mites, ticks, nematodes,bacteria, fungi, diseases, and plants).

As used herein, the term “fungicide,” means and includes an activematerial or substance that kills, controls, or otherwise adverselyaffects the growth of fungi or fungal spores.

Preferred agricultural compounds include those of chemical or biologicalin type, and in the case of biological could be further modified fromthe biological species derived in nature. Active substances includesubstances that control, repel or attract pests that damage or harmuseful plants in general, but also substances that improve the growth ofa useful plant, such as plant growth regulators, and substances thatimprove the performance of the active substance, such as synergists.Examples are insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, molluscicides,aligicides, virusicides, rodenticide, bactericides, fungicides,chemosterilants, anthelmintics. Examples of a biological activesubstance include baculovirus, plant extract, and bacteria,advantageously combined with other substances which may also havefurther surprising advantages which can also be described, in a widersense, as synergistic activity. Examples of synergistic activity includebetter tolerance by plants, reduced phytotoxicity, insects can becontrolled in their different development stages, or better behaviourrelating to production, for example grinding or mixing, storage or use.By way of non-limiting example, if used, the at least one additionalpesticide employed in the seed dressing compositions may be at least oneof an insecticide, an acaricide (e.g., miticide, ixodicide, scabicide,archnicide, etc.), a nematocide, a bactericide, a biocide, ananthropodicide, a molluscide, a fungicide, and a herbicide.

Preferred agricultural compounds include, but are not limited to thefollowing compounds: a compound selected from the group of substancesconsisting of petroleum oils, 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-ethoxyethanol,2,4-dichlorophenyl benzenesulfonate,2-fluoro-N-methyl-N-1-naphthylacetamide, 4-chlorophenyl phenyl sulfone,acetoprole, aldoxycarb, amidithion, amidothioate, amiton, amitonhydrogen oxalate, amitraz, aramite, arsenous oxide, azobenzene,azothoate, benomyl, benoxafos, benzyl benzoate, bixafen, brofenvalerate,bromocyclen, bromophos, bromopropylate, buprofezin, butocarboxim,butoxycarboxim, butylpyridaben, calcium polysulfide, camphechlor,carbanolate, carbophenothion, cyclobutrifluram, cymiazole,chinomethionat, chlorbenside, chlordimeform, chlordimeformhydrochloride, chlorfenethol, chlorfenson, chlorfensulfide,chlorobenzilate, chloromebuform, chloromethiuron, chloropropylate,chlorthiophos, cinerin I, cinerin II, cinerins, closantel, coumaphos,crotamiton, crotoxyphos, cufraneb, cyanthoate, DCPM, DDT, demephion,demephion-O, demephion-S, demeton-methyl, demeton-O, demeton-O-methyl,demeton-S, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulfon, dichlofluanid,dichlorvos, dicliphos, dienochlor, dimefox, dinex, dinex-diclexine,dinocap-4, dinocap-6, dinocton, dinopenton, dinosulfon, dinoterbon,dioxathion, diphenyl sulfone, disulfiram, DNOC, dofenapyn, doramectin,endothion, eprinomectin, ethoate-methyl, etrimfos, fenazaflor,fenbutatin oxide, fenothiocarb, fenpyrad, fenpyroximate, fenpyrazamine,fenson, fentrifanil, flubenzimine, flucycloxuron, fluenetil,fluorbenside, flupentiofenox, FMC 1137, formetanate, formetanatehydrochloride, formparanate, gamma-HCH, glyodin, halfenprox, hexadecylcyclopropanecarboxylate, isocarbophos, jasmolin I, jasmolin II,jodfenphos, lindane, malonoben, mecarbam, mephosfolan, mesulfen,methacrifos, methyl bromide, metolcarb, mexacarbate, milbemycin oxime,mipafox, monocrotophos, morphothion, moxidectin, naled,4-chloro-2-(2-chloro-2-methyl-propyl)-5-[(6-iodo-3-pyridypnnethoxy]pyridazin-3-one,nifluridide, nikkomycins, nitrilacarb, nitrilacarb 1:1 zinc chloridecomplex, omethoate, oxazosulfyl, oxydeprofos, oxydisulfoton, pp′-DDT,parathion, permethrin, phenkapton, phosalone, phosfolan, phosphamidon,polychloroterpenes, polynactins, proclonol, promacyl, propoxur,prothidathion, prothoate, pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, pyrethrins,pyridaphenthion, pyrimitate, quinalphos, quintiofos, R-1492, phosglycin,rotenone, schradan, sebufos, selamectin, sophamide, SSI-121, sulfiram,sulfluramid, sulfotep, sulfur, diflovidazin, tau-fluvalinate, TEPP,terbam, tetradifon, tetrasul, thiafenox, thiocarboxime, thiofanox,thiometon, thioquinox, thuringiensin, triamiphos, triarathene,triazophos, triazuron, trifenofos, trinactin, vamidothion, vaniliprole,bethoxazin, copper dioctanoate, copper sulfate, cybutryne, dichlone,dichlorophen, endothal, fentin, hydrated lime, nabam, quinoclamine,quinonamid, simazine, triphenyltin acetate, triphenyltin hydroxide,crufomate, piperazine, thiophanate, chloralose, fenthion,pyridin-4-amine, strychnine, 1-hydroxy-1H-pyridine-2-thione,4-(quinoxalin-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonamide, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate,bronopol, copper hydroxide, cresol, dipyrithione, dodicin, fenaminosulf,formaldehyde, hydrargaphen, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloridehydrate, nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate), nitrapyrin, octhilinone,oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline, potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate,probenazole, streptomycin, streptomycin sesquisulfate, tecloftalam,thiomersal, Adoxophyes orana GV, Agrobacterium radiobacter, Amblyseiusspp., Anagrapha falcifera NPV, Anagrus atomus, Aphelinus abdominalis,Aphidius colemani, Aphidoletes aphidimyza, Autographa californica NPV,Bacillus sphaericus Neide, Beauveria brongniartii, Chrysoperla carnea,Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Cydia pomonella GV, Dacnusa sibirica,Diglyphus isaea, Encarsia formosa, Eretmocerus eremicus, Heterorhabditisbacteriophora and H. megidis, Hippodamia convergens, Leptomastixdactylopii, Macrolophus caliginosus, Mamestra brassicae NPV, Metaphycushelvolus, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum, Metarhizium anisopliaevar. anisopliae, Neodiprion sertifer NPV and N. lecontei NPV, Oriusspp., Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Phytoseiulus persimilis, Steinernemabibionis, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae, Steinernemaglaseri, Steinernema riobrave, Steinernema riobravis, Steinernemascapterisci, Steinernema spp., Trichogramma spp., Typhlodronnusoccidentalis, Verticillium lecanii, apholate, bisazir, busulfan,dimatif, hemel, hempa, metepa, methiotepa, methyl apholate, morzid,penfluron, tepa, thiohempa, thiotepa, tretamine, uredepa,(E)-dec-5-en-1-yl acetate with (E)-dec-5-en-1-ol, (E)-tridec-4-en-1-ylacetate, (E)-6-methylhept-2-en-4-ol, (E,Z)-tetradeca-4,10-dien-1-ylacetate, (Z)-dodec-7-en-1-yl acetate, (Z)-hexadec-11-enal,(Z)-hexadec-11-en-1-yl acetate, (Z)-hexadec-13-en-11-yn-1-yl acetate,(Z)-icos-13-en-10-one, (Z)-tetradec-7-en-1-al, (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-ol,(Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-yl acetate, (7E,9Z)-dodeca-7,9-dien-1-yl acetate,(9Z,11E)-tetradeca-9,11-dien-1-yl acetate,(9Z,12E)-tetradeca-9,12-dien-1-yl acetate, 14-methyloctadec-1-ene,4-methylnonan-5-ol with 4-methylnonan-5-one, alpha-multistriatin,brevicomin, codlelure, codlemone, cuelure, disparlure, dodec-8-en-1-ylacetate, dodec-9-en-1-yl acetate, dodeca-8, 10-dien-1-yl acetate,dominicalure, ethyl 4-methyloctanoate, eugenol, frontalin, grandlure,grandlure I, grandlure II, grandlure III, grandlure IV, hexalure,ipsdienol, ipsenol, japonilure, lineatin, litlure, looplure, medlure,megatomoic acid, methyl eugenol, muscalure, octadeca-2,13-dien-1-ylacetate, octadeca-3,13-dien-1-yl acetate, orfralure, oryctalure,ostramone, siglure, sordidin, sulcatol, tetradec-11-en-1-yl acetate,trimedlure, trimedlure A, trimedlure B₁, trimedlure B2, trimedlure C,trunc-call, 2-(octylthio)ethanol, butopyronoxyl, butoxy(polypropyleneglycol), dibutyl adipate, dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl succinate,diethyltoluamide, dimethyl carbate, dimethyl phthalate, ethylhexanediol, hexamide, methoquin-butyl, methylneodecanamide, oxamate,picaridin, 1-dichloro-1-nitroethane,1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-ethylphenyl)ethane, 1,2-dichloropropane with1,3-dichloropropene, 1-bromo-2-chloroethane,2,2,2-trichloro-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl acetate, 2,2-dichlorovinyl2-ethylsulfinylethyl methyl phosphate, 2-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)phenyldimethylcarbamate, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl thiocyanate,2-(4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl methylcarbamate,2-(4-chloro-3,5-xylyloxy)ethanol, 2-chlorovinyl diethyl phosphate,2-imidazolidone, 2-isovalerylindan-1,3-dione,2-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)aminophenyl methylcarbamate, 2-thiocyanatoethyllaurate, 3-bromo-1-chloroprop-1-ene, 3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-yldimethylcarbamate, 4-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)amino-3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate,5,5-dimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-enyl dimethylcarbamate, acethion,acrylonitrile, aldrin, allosamidin, allyxycarb, alpha-ecdysone,aluminium phosphide, aminocarb, anabasine, athidathion, azamethiphos,Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxins, barium hexafluorosilicate,barium polysulfide, barthrin, Bayer 22/190, Bayer 22408,beta-cyfluthrin, beta-cypermethrin, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin,bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, borax, bromfenvinfos, bromo-DDT, bufencarb,butacarb, butathiofos, butonate, calcium arsenate, calcium cyanide,carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, cartap hydrochloride, cevadine,chlorbicyclen, chlordane, chlordecone, chloroform, chloropicrin,chlorphoxim, chlorprazophos, cis-resmethrin, cismethrin, clocythrin,copper acetoarsenite, copper arsenate, copper oleate, coumithoate,cryolite, CS 708, cyanofenphos, cyanophos, cyclethrin, cythioate,d-tetramethrin, DAEP, dazomet, decarbofuran, diamidafos, dicapthon,dichlofenthion, dicresyl, dicyclanil, dieldrin, diethyl5-methylpyrazol-3-yl phosphate, dilor, dimefluthrin, dimetan, dimethrin,dimethylvinphos, dimetilan, dinoprop, dinosaur, dinoseb, diofenolan,dioxabenzofos, dithicrofos, DSP, ecdysterone, EI 1642, EMPC, EPBP,etaphos, ethiofencarb, ethyl formate, ethylene dibromide, ethylenedichloride, ethylene oxide, EXD, fenchlorphos, fenethacarb,fenitrothion, fenoxacrim, fenpirithrin, fensulfothion, fenthion-ethyl,flucofuron, fosmethilan, fospirate, fosthietan, furathiocarb, furethrin,guazatine, guazatine acetates, sodium tetrathiocarbonate, halfenprox,HCH, HEOD, heptachlor, heterophos, HHDN, hydrogen cyanide, hyquincarb,IPSP, isazofos, isobenzan, isodrin, isofenphos, isolane, isoprothiolane,isoxathion, juvenile hormone I, juvenile hormone II, juvenile hormoneIII, kelevan, kinoprene, lead arsenate, leptophos, lirimfos,lythidathion, m-cumenyl methylcarbamate, magnesium phosphide, mazidox,mecarphon, menazon, mercurous chloride, mesulfenfos, metam,metam-potassium, metam-sodium, methanesulfonyl fluoride, methocrotophos,methoprene, methothrin, methoxychlor, methyl isothiocyanate,methylchloroform, methylene chloride, metoxadiazone, mirex, naftalofos,naphthalene, NC-170, nicotine, nicotine sulfate, nithiazine,nornicotine, 0-5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl O-ethyl ethylphosphonothioate,O,O-diethyl O-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-ylphosphorothioate,O,O-diethyl O-6-methyl-2-propylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate,O,O,O′,O′-tetrapropyl dithiopyrophosphate, oleic acid,para-dichlorobenzene, parathion-methyl, pentachlorophenol,pentachlorophenyl laurate, PH 60-38, phenkapton, phosnichlor, phosphine,phoxim-methyl, pirimetaphos, polychlorodicyclopentadiene isomers,potassium arsenite, potassium thiocyanate, precocene I, precocene II,precocene III, primidophos, profluthrin, promecarb, prothiofos,pyrazophos, pyresmethrin, quassia, quinalphos-methyl, quinothion,rafoxanide, resmethrin, rotenone, kadethrin, ryania, ryanodine,sabadilla), schradan, sebufos, SI-0009, thiapronil, sodium arsenite,sodium cyanide, sodium fluoride, sodium hexafluorosilicate, sodiumpentachlorophenoxide, sodium selenate, sodium thiocyanate, sulcofuron,sulcofuron-sodium, sulfuryl fluoride, sulprofos, tar oils, tazimcarb,TDE, tebupirimfos, temephos, terallethrin, tetrachloroethane, thicrofos,thiocyclam, thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate, thionazin, thiosultap,thiosultap-sodium, tralomethrin, transpermethrin, triazamate,trichlormetaphos-3, trichloronat, trimethacarb, tolprocarb,triclopyricarb, triprene, veratridine, veratrine, XMC, zetamethrin, zincphosphide, zolaprofos, and meperfluthrin, tetramethylfluthrin,bis(tributyltin) oxide, bromoacetamide, ferric phosphate,niclosamide-olamine, tributyltin oxide, pyrimorph, trifenmorph,1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropene,3,4-dichlorotetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide,3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methylrhodanine,5-methyl-6-thioxo-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-ylacetic acid,6-isopentenylaminopurine, benclothiaz, cytokinins, DCIP, furfural,isamidofos, kinetin, Myrothecium verrucaria composition,tetrachlorothiophene, xylenols, zeatin, potassium ethylxanthate,acibenzolar, acibenzolar-S-methyl, Reynoutria sachalinensis extract,alpha-chlorohydrin, antu, barium carbonate, bisthiosemi, brodifacoum,bromadiolone, bromethalin, chlorophacinone, cholecalciferol, coumachlor,coumafuryl, coumatetralyl, crimidine, difenacoum, difethialone,diphacinone, ergocalciferol, flocoumafen, fluoroacetamide, flupropadine,flupropadine hydrochloride, norbormide, phosacetim, phosphorus, pindone,pyrinuron, scilliroside, sodium fluoroacetate, thallium sulfate,warfarin, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl piperonylate,5-(1,3-benzodioxo1-5-yl)-3-hexylcyclohex-2-enone, farnesol withnerolidol, verbutin, MGK 264, piperonyl butoxide, piprotal, propylisomer, 5421, sesamex, sesasmolin, sulfoxide, anthraquinone, coppernaphthenate, copper oxychloride, dicyclopentadiene, thiram, zincnaphthenate, ziram, imanin, ribavirin, mercuric oxide,thiophanate-methyl, azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole,cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, epoxiconazole,fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furametpyr,hexaconazole, imazalil, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole,myclobutanil, paclobutrazole, pefurazoate, penconazole, prothioconazole,pyrifenox, prochloraz, propiconazole, pyrisoxazole, simeconazole,tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triflumizole,triticonazole, ancymidol, fenarimol, nuarimol, bupirimate, dimethirimol,ethirimol, dodemorph, fenpropidine, fenpropimorph, spiroxamine,tridemorph, cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil, fenpiclonil,fludioxonil, benalaxyl, furalaxyl, metalaxyl, R-metalaxyl, ofurace,oxadixyl, carbendazim, debacarb, fuberidazole, thiabendazole,chlozolinate, dichlozoline, myclozoline, procymidone, vinclozoline,boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, flutolanil, mepronil, oxycarboxin,penthiopyrad, thifluzamide, dodine, iminoctadine, azoxystrobin,dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fenaminstrobin, flufenoxystrobin,fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, trifloxystrobin,orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin,pyraoxystrobin, ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, propineb, zineb,captafol, captan, fluoroimide, folpet, tolylfluanid, bordeaux mixture,copper oxide, mancopper, oxine-copper, nitrothal-isopropyl, edifenphos,iprobenphos, phosdiphen, tolclofos-methyl, anilazine, benthiavalicarb,blasticidin-S, chloroneb, chlorothalonil, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil,diclocymet, diclomezine, dicloran, diethofencarb, dimethomorph,flumorph, dithianon, ethaboxam, etridiazole, famoxadone, fenamidone,fenoxanil, ferimzone, fluazinam, fluopicolide, flusulfamide,fluxapyroxad, fenhexamid, fosetyl-aluminium, hymexazol, iprovalicarb,cyazofamid, methasulfocarb, metrafenone, pencycuron, phthalide,polyoxins, propamocarb, pyribencarb, proquinazid, pyroquilon,pyriofenone, quinoxyfen, quintozene, tiadinil, triazoxide, tricyclazole,triforine, validamycin, valifenalate, zoxamide, mandipropamid,isopyrazam, sedaxane, benzovindiflupyr, pydiflumetofen,3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid(3′,4′,5′-trifluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-amide, isoflucypram, isotianil,dipymetitrone,6-ethyl-5,7-dioxo-pyrrolo[4,5][1,4]dithiino[1,2-c]isothiazole-3-carbonitrile,2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide,4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methyl-5-phenyl-pyridazine-3-carbonitrile,(R)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide,4-(2-bronno-4-fluoro-phenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-3-amine,4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine,fluindapyr, coumethoxy-strobin (jiaxiangjunzhi), lybennnixianan,dichlobentiazox, mandestrobin,3-(4,4-difluoro-3,4-dihydro-3,3-dimethylisoquinolin-1-yl)quinolone,2-[2-fluoro-6-[(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolypoxy]phenyl]propan-2-ol,oxathiapiprolin, tert-butylN46-[[[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyn-carbamate,pyraziflumid, inpyrfluxam, trolprocarb, mefentrifluconazole,ipfentrifluconazole,2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide,N′-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine,N′-[4-(4,5-dichlorothiazol-2-yl)oxy-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine,[2-[3-[2-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl]-3-chloro-phenyl]methanesulfonate, but-3-ynylN-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]-amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate,methylN-[[5-[4-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)triazol-2-yl]-2-methyl-phenyl]-methyl]carbamate, 3-chloro-6-methyl-5-phenyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine,pyridachlometyl,3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide,1-[2-[[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]-3-methyl-phenyl]-4-methyl-tetrazol-5-one,1-methyl-4-[3-methyl-2-[[2-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trimethylpyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl]phenyntetrazol-5-one,aminopyrifen, ametoctradin, amisulbrom, penflufen,(2,2E)-5-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazo]-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide,floryl-picoxamid, fenpicoxamid, tebufloquin, ipflufenoquin,quinofumelin, isofetamid,N-[2-[2,4-dichloro-phenoxy]phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-[2-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenoxy]phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,benzothiostrobin, phenamacril, 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol zincsalt (2:1), fluopyram, flutianil, fluopimomide, pyrapropoyne,picarbutrazox,2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-y0pyridine-3-carboxamide,2-(difluoromethyl)-N-((3R)-1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide,4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyI)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile,nnetyltetra prole,2-(difluoromethyl)-N-((3R)-1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide,α-(14-dimethylethyl)-α-[4′-(trifluoromethoxy)[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl]-5-pyrimidinemethanol,fluoxapiprolin, enoxastrobin,4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile,4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-sulfanyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile,4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-thioxo-4H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile,trinexapac, coumoxystrobin, zhongshengmycin, thiodiazole copper, zincthiazole, amectotractin, iprodione;N-methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropanecarboxannide,N,2-di-methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide,N-ethyl-2-methyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide,1-methoxy-3-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea,1,3-dimethoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea,3-ethyl-1-methoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]-methyl]urea,N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide,4,4-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one,5,5-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoro-methyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one,ethyl1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxylate,N,N-dimethyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-phenyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine.The compounds in this paragraph may be prepared from the methodsdescribed in WO 2017/055473, WO 2017/055469, WO 2017/093348 and WO2017/118689;2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol(this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/029179);2-[6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol(this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/029179);3-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-propyl]imidazole-4-carbonitrile(this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2016/156290);3-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propyl]imidazole-4-carbonitrile(this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2016/156290); (4-phenoxyphenyl)methyl2-amino-6-methyl-pyridine-3-carboxylate (this compound may be preparedfrom the methods described in WO 2014/006945); 2,6-Dimethyl-1H,5H-(thiscompound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2011/138281):N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzenecarbothioamide.N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide;(Z,2E)-5-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazo]-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide(this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2018/153707);N′-(2-chloro-5-methyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine.N′-[2-chloro-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine(this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2016/202742);2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3S)-3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide(this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2014/095675).

In one or more embodiments, the at least one additional pesticide may beused to control at least one of insects, mites, ticks, nematodes,bacteria, fungi, diseases, and plants (e.g., weeds). The at least oneadditional pesticide may be, for example, at least one of aninsecticide, a fungicide, and a herbicide, each of which is described infurther detail below.

Non-limiting examples of useful fungicides may include aromatichydrocarbons, benzimidazoles, benzothiadiazole, carboxamides, carboxylicacid amides, morpholines, phenylamides, phosphonates, quinone outsideinhibitors (e.g. strobilurins), thiazolidines, thiophanates, thiophenecarboxamides, and triazoles. Further non-limiting examples of fungicidesinclude acibenzolar-S-methyl, azoxystrobin, benalaxyl, bixafen,boscalid, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, cyclobutrifluram, cyproconazole,dimethomorph, epoxiconazole, fludioxonil, fluopyram, fluxapyroxad,fluoxastrobin, flutianil, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, fosetyl-A1,ipconazole, isopyrazam, kresoxim-methyl, mefenoxam, metalaxyl,metconazole, myclobutanil, orysastrobin, penflufen, penthiopyrad,picoxystrobin, propiconazole, prothiconazole, pyraclostrobin, sedaxane,silthiofam, tebuconazole, thiabendazole, thifluzamide, thiophanate,tolclofos-methyl, trifloxystrobin, and triticonazole. In one embodiment,the fungicide may be selected from the group consisting ofprothioconazole, fluoxastrobin, ipconazole, silthiofam, metalaxyl,trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, fluxapyroxad, sedaxane, fluopyram,mefenoxam, penflufen, azoxystrobin, and combinations thereof.

Further non-limiting examples of fungicidal compounds and combinationswhich may be included in the dressing compositions of the invention are(E)-N-methyl-2-[2-(2,5-dimethylphenoxymethyl)phenyl]-2-methoxy-iminoacetamide(SSF-129), 4 bromo 2 cyano N,N dimethyl-6trifluoromethyl-benzimidazole-1 sulfonamide, [N (3 chloro 2,6 xylyl) 2methoxyacetamido]butyrolactone,4-chloro-2-cyano-N,N-dimethyl-5-p-tolylimidazole-1-sulfonamide (1KF-916,cyamidazosulfamid),3-5-dichloro-N-(3-chloro-1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-oxopropyl)-4-methylbenzamide(RH-7281, zoxamide),N-allyl-4,5,-dimethyl-2-trimethylsilylthiophene-3-carboxamide(MON65500),N-(1-cyano-1,2-dimethylpropyI)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-propionannide(AC382042), N (2 methoxy 5 pyridyl) cyclopropane carboxamide,acibenzolar (CGA245704) (e.g. acibenzolar-S-methyl), alanycarb,aldimorph, anilazine, azaconazole, azoxystrobin, benalaxyl, benomyl,benthiavalicarb, biloxazol, bitertanol, bixafen, blasticidin S,boscalid, bromuconazole, bupirimate, captafol, captan, carbendazim,carbendazim, chlorhydrate, carboxin, carpropamid, carvone, CGA41396,CGA41397, chinomethionate, chlorothalonil, chlorozolinate, clozylacon,copper containing compounds to give combintations such as copperoxychloride, copper oxyquinolate, copper sulfate, copper tallate andBordeaux mixture, cyclufenamid, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil,debacarb, di 2 pyridyl disulfide 1,1′ dioxide, dichlofluanid,diclomezine, dicloran diethofencarb, difenoconazole, difenzoquat,diflumetorim, O,O di iso propyl S benzyl thiophosphate, dimefluazole,dimetconazole, dimethomorph, dimethirimol, diniconazole, dinocap,dithianon, dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dodemorph, dodine,doguadine, edifenphos, epoxiconazole, ethirimol I,ethyl-(Z)-N-benzyl-N-([methyl(methyl-thioethylideneamino-oxycarbonyl)amino]thio)alaninate,etridiazole, famoxadone, fenamidone (RPA407213), fenarimol,fenbuconazole, fenfuram, fenhexamid (KBR2738), fenpiclonil, fenpropidin,fenpropimorph, fentin acetate, fentin hydroxide, ferbam, ferimzone,fluazinam, fludioxonil, flumetover, fluopyram, fluoxastrobin,fluoroimide, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutolanil, flutriafol,fluxapyroxad, folpet, fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, guazatine,hexaconazole, hydroxyisoxazole, hymexazole, imazalil, imibenconazole,iminoctadine, iminoctadine triacetate, ipconazole, iprobenfos,iprodione, iprovalicarb (SZX0722), isopropanyl butyl carbamate,isoprothiolane, isopyrazam, kasugamycin, kresoxim-methyl, LY186054,LY211795, LY248908, mancozeb, mandipropamid, maneb, mefenoxam,metalaxyl, mepanipyrim, mepronil, metalaxyl, metconazole, metiram,metiram zinc, metominostrobin, myclobutanil, neoasozin, nickeldimethyldithiocarbamate, nitrothal iso-propyl, nuarimol, ofurace,organomercury compounds, oxadixyl, oxasulfuron, oxolinic acid,oxpoconazole, oxycarboxin, pefurazoate, penconazole, pencycuron,penflufen, penthiopyrad, phenazin oxide, phosetyl Al, phosphorus acids,phthalide, picoxystrobin (ZA1963), polyoxinD, polyram, probenazole,prochloraz, procymidone, propamocarb, propiconazole, propineb, propionicacid, prothioconazole, pyrazophos, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil,pyraclostrobin, pyroquilon, pyroxyfur, pyrrolnitrin, quaternary ammoniumcompounds, quinomethionate, quinoxyfen, quintozene, sedaxane,sipconazole (F-155), sodium pentachlorophenate, spiroxamine,streptomycin, sulfur, tebuconazole, tecloftalam, tecnazene,tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thifluzamid, 2(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole, thiophanate-methyl, thiram,timibenconazole, tolclofos methyl, tolylfluanid, triadimefon,triadimenol, triazbutil, triazoxide, tricyclazole, tridemorph,trifloxystrobin (CGA279202), triforine, triflumizole, triticonazole,validamycin A, vapam, vinclozolin, zineb and ziram,N-[9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide[1072957-71-1], 1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid(2-dichloromethylene-3-ethyl-1-methyl-indan-4-yl)-amide, and1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-4H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid[2-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2-methoxy-1-methyl-ethyl]-amide.

In some instances, the liquid seed dressing composition may comprise aflowability agent and one or more agricultural compounds that are usefulto improve the agronomic characteristics of the seed and/or a plantgrown from the seed.

Further non-limiting examples of insecticides and nematicides includecarbamates, diamides, macrocyclic lactones, neonicotinoids,organophosphates, phenylpyrazoles, pyrethrins, spinosyns, syntheticpyrethroids, tetronic and tetramic acids. For example, the liquid seedtreatment composition may comprise one or more insecticides andnematicides selected from abamectin, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, bifenthrin,carbofuran, chlorantraniliprole, clothianidin, cyantraniliprole,cyclobutrifluram, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin,dinotefuran, emamectin, ethiprole, fenamiphos, fipronil, flubendiamide,flupentiofenox, fosthiazate, imidacloprid, ivermectin,lambda-cyhalothrin, milbemectin, oxazosulfyl, tioxazafen, nitenpyram,oxamyl, permethrin, spinetoram, spinosad, spirodichlofen, spirotetramat,tefluthrin, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, tioxazafen, and thiodicarb. Inone embodiment, the insecticide or nematicide may be selected from thegroup consisting of clothianidin, thiamethoxam, tioxazafen, imidaclopridand combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the liquid seedtreatment composition comprises tioxazafen.

Preferred agrochemical compounds Abamectin, Acequinocyl, Acetamiprid,Acetoprole, Acrinathrin, Acynonapyr, Afidopyropen, Afoxalaner,Alanycarb, Allethrin, Alpha-Cypermethrin, Alphamethrin, Amidoflumet,Aminocarb, Azocyclotin, Bensultap, Benzoximate, Benzpyrimoxan,Betacyfluthrin, Beta-cypermethrin, Bifenazate, Bifenthrin, Binapacryl,Bioallethrin, Bioallethrin (S)-cyclopentylisomer, Bioresmethrin,Bistrifluron, Broflanilide, Brofluthrinate, Bromophos-ethyl,Buprofezine, Butocarboxim, Cadusafos, Carbaryl, Carbosulfan, Cartap,CASnumber:1472050-04-6, CASnumber:1632218-00-8, CASnumber:1808115-49-2,CASnumber:2032403-97-5, CASnumber:2044701-44-0, CASnumber:2128706-05-6,CASnumber:21249718-27-0, Chlorantraniliprole, Chlordane, Chlorfenapyr,Chloroprallethrin, Chromafenozide, Clenpirin, Cloethocarb, Clothianidin,2-chlorophenylN-methylcarbamate(CPMC), Cyanofenphos, Cyantraniliprole,Cyclaniliprole, Cyclobutrifluram, Cycloprothrin, Cycloxaprid,Cyenopyrafen, Cyetpyrafen(orEtpyrafen), Cyflumetofen, Cyfluthrin,Cyhalodiannide, Cyhalothrin, Cypermethrin, Cyphenothrin, Cyromazine,Deltamethrin, Diafenthiuron, Dialifos, Dibrom, Dicloromezotiaz,Diflovidazine, Diflubenzuron, dimpropyridaz, Dinactin, Dinocap,Dinotefuran, Dioxabenzofos, Emamectin, Empenthrin,Epsilon-momfluorothrin, Epsilon-metofluthrin, Esfenvalerate, Ethion,Ethiprole, Etofenprox, Etoxazole, Famphur, Fenazaquin, Fenfluthrin,Fenitrothion, Fenobucarb, Fenothiocarb, Fenoxycarb, Fenpropathrin,Fenpyroxymate, Fensulfothion, Fenthion, Fentinacetate, Fenvalerate,Fipronil, Flometoquin, Flonicamid, Fluacrypyrim, Fluazaindolizine,Fluazuron, Flubendiamide, Flubenzimine, Flucitrinate, Flucycloxuron,Flucythrinate, Fluensulfone, Flufenerim, Flufenprox, Flufiprole,Fluhexafon, Flumethrin, Fluopyram, Flupentiofenox, Flupyradifurone,Flupyrimin, Fluralaner, Fluvalinate, Fluxametamide, Fosthiazate,Gamma-Cyhalothrin, Gossyplure™, Guadipyr, Halofenozide, Halofenprox,Heptafluthrin, Hexythiazox, Hydramethylnon, Imicyafos, Imidacloprid,Imiprothrin, Indoxacarb, Iodomethane, Iprodione, Isocycloseram,Isothioate, Ivermectin, Kappa-bifenthrin, Kappa-tefluthrin,Lambda-Cyhalothrin, Lepimectin, Lufenuron, Metaflumizone, Metaldehyde,Metam, Methomyl, Methoxyfenozide, Metofluthrin, Metolcarb, Mexacarbate,Milbennectin, Momfluorothrin, Niclosamide, Nitenpyram, Nithiazine,Omethoate, Oxamyl, Oxazosulfyl, Parathion-ethyl, Permethrin, Phenothrin,Phosphocarb, Piperonylbutoxide, Pirimicarb, Pirimiphos-ethyl,Prallethrin, Profenofos, Profluthrin, Propargite, Propetamphos,Propoxur, Prothiophos, Protrifenbute, Pyflubumide, Pymetrozine,Pyraclofos, Pyrafluprole, Pyridaben, Pyridalyl, Pyrifluquinazon,Pyrimidifen, Pyrimostrobin, Pyriprole, Pyriproxyfen, Resnnethrin,Sarolaner, Selamectin, Silafluofen, Spinetoram, Spinosad, Spirodiclofen,Spiromesifen, Spiropidion, Spirotetramat, Sulfoxaflor, Tebufenozide,Tebufenpyrad, Tebupirimiphos, Tefluthrin, Temephos,Tetrachloraniliprole, Tetradiphon, Tetramethrin, Tetramethylfluthrin,Tetranactin, Tetraniliprole, Theta-cypermethrin, Thiacloprid,Thiamethoxam, Thiocyclam, Thiodicarb, Thiofanox, Thiometon, Thiosultap,Tioxazafen, Tolfenpyrad, Toxaphene, Tralomethrin, Transfluthrin,Triazamate, Triazophos, Trichlorfon, Trichloronate, Trichlorphon,Triflumezopyrim, Tyclopyrazoflor, Zeta-Cypermethrin,Acibenzolar-S-methyl, Adepidyn, Sedaxane, Oxathiapiprolin, Ipconazole,Metalaxyl, Mefenoxam, Penflufen, Fluxopyroxad, Penthiopyrad,Prothiaconozole, Thiabendazole, Rizolex(Tolclofos-methyl), Carbofuran.

Additional agrochemical active compounds that may be incorporated intothe seed treatment composition include, for example, biological agentsfor pest control, microbial extracts, plant growth activators, and plantdefense agents. Non-limiting examples of biological agents includebacteria, fungi, beneficial nematodes, and viruses.

In certain embodiments, the biological agent can comprise a bacterium ofthe genus Actinomycetes, Agrobacterium, Arthrobacter, Alcaligenes,Aureobacterium, Azobacter, Bacillus, Beijerinckia, Bradyrhizobium,Brevibacillus, Burkholderia, Chromobacterium, Clostridium, Clavibacter,Comamonas, Corynebacterium, Curtobacterium, Enterobacter,Flavobacterium, Gluconobacter, Hydrogenophaga, Klebsiella, Metarhizium,Methylobacterium, Paenibacillus, Pasteuria, Photorhabdus,Phyllobacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Serratia, Sphingobacterium,Stenotrophomonas, Streptomyces, Variovorax, and Xenorhabdus. Inparticular embodiments the bacteria is selected from the groupconsisting of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus cereus, Bacillusfirmus, Bacillus, lichenformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus sphaericus,Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bradyrhizobium japonicum,Chromobacterium subtsugae, Metarhizium anisopliae, Pasteuria nishizawae,Pasteuria penetrans, Pasteuria usage, Pseudomonas fluorescens, andStreptomyces lydicus.

In certain embodiments the biological agent can comprise a fungus of thegenus Alternaria, Ampelomyces, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Beauveria,Colletotrichum, Coniothyrium, Gliocladium, Metarhizium, Muscodor,Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Typhula, Ulocladium, andVerticillium. In another embodiment the fungus is Beauveria bassiana,Coniothyrium minitans, Gliocladium vixens, Muscodor albus, Paecilomyceslilacinus, Penicillium bilaiae, Trichoderma asperellum, Trichodermapolysporum, or Trichoderma vixens. In further embodiments the biologicalagents can comprise harpin, Reynoutria sachalinensis, jasmonate,lipochitooligosaccharides, salicylic acid and/or isoflavones. In anotherembodiment, the biological agent may comprise Bacillus firmus.Non-limiting examples of commercially available biological agentsinclude REVV, CUE, QUICKROOTS, TORQUE, JUMPSTART, JUMPSTART LCO,ACTINOVATE, VOTIVO, CLARIVA, TAGTEAM, TAGTEAM LCO, OPTIMIZE, RATCHET,PROSTABLISH, NVELOP, SMILAX, CELL TECH, NITRAGIN, NITRAGIN GOLD, and MET5 2. Other biological agents include enrofloxacin, febantel,penethamate, moloxicam, cefalexin, kanamycin, pimobendan, clenbuterol,omeprazole, tiamulin, benazepril, pyriprole, cefquinome, florfenicol,buserelin, cefovecin, tulathromycin, ceftiour, carprofen, metaflumizone,praziquarantel, thiabendazole.

Other biological agents include entomopathogenic nematodes, such asHeterohabditis bacteriophora or Steinernema carpocapsae.

Preferred biological agricultural copmpounds include Azadirachtin,Bacillus firmus, Beauveria bassiana, D-limonene, Granulovirus, Harpin,Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus, Helicoverpa zeaNucleopolyhedrovirus, Heliothis virescens Nucleopolyhedrovirus,Heliothis punctigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus, Metarhizium spp., Neem treebased products, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Paecilomyces lilacinus,Pasteuria nishizawae, P-cymene, Plutella xylostella Granulosis virus,Plutella xylostella Nucleopolyhedrovirus, Polyhedrosis virus, pyrethrum,Quillaja Saponaria, Spodoptera frugiperda Nucleopolyhedrovirus,Terpenoid blend, Verticillium spp., Rhizobium japonimcum, Trichodermaspp., Bacillus subtilis, Nitrogen fixing symbiotic organisms,Penicillium bilaiae, Trichoderma harzianum rifai, Bacilluslicheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pochonia chlamydosporia,Chitosan, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Agrobacterium radiobacter,Metarhizium anisopliae, Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (CrleGV),and/or Pine oil.

Examples of suitable additional active ingredients include thefollowing: acycloamino acid,s, aliphatic nitrogen fungicides, amidefungicides, anilide fungicides, antibiotic fungicides, aromaticfungicides, arsenical fungicides, aryl phenyl ketone fungicides,benzamide fungicides, benzanilide fungicides, benzimidazole fungicides,benzothiazole fungicides, botanical fungicides, bridged diphenylfungicides, carbamate fungicides, carbanilate fungicides, conazolefungicides, copper fungicides, dicarboximide fungicides, dinitrophenolfungicides, dithiocarbamate fungicides, dithiolane fungicides, furamidefungicides, furanilide fungicides, hydrazide fungicides, imidazolefungicides, mercury fungicides, morpholine fungicides, organophosphorousfungicides, organotin fungicides, oxathiin fungicides, oxazolefungicides, phenylsulfamide fungicides, polysulfide fungicides, pyrazolefungicides, pyridine fungicides, pyrimidine fungicides, pyrrolefungicides, quaternary ammonium fungicides, quinoline fungicides,quinone fungicides, quinoxaline fungicides, strobilurin fungicides,sulfonamide fungicides, thiadiazole fungicides, thiazole fungicides,thiazolidine fungicides, thiocarbamate fungicides, thiophene fungicides,triazine fungicides, triazole fungicides, triazolopyrimidine fungicides,urea fungicides, valinamide fungicides, and zinc fungicides.Non-limiting examples of suitable fungicides that may be used as the atleast one additional pesticide include2-(thiocyanatomethylthio)-benzothiazole, 2-phenylphenol,8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, Ampelomyces, quisqualis, azaconazole,azoxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis, benalaxyl, benomyl,benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, benzylaminobenzene-sulfonate (BABS) salt,bicarbonates, biphenyl, bismerthiazol, bitertanol, blasticidin-S, borax,Bordeaux mixture, boscalid, bromuconazole, bupirimate, calciumpolysulfide, captafol, captan, carbendazim, carboxin, carpropamid,carvone, chloroneb, chlorothalonil, chlozolinate, Coniothyrium minitans,copper hydroxide, copper octanoate, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate,copper sulfate (tribasic), cuprous oxide, cyazofamid, cyflufenarnid,cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, dazomet, debacarb, diammoniumethylenebis-(dithiocarbamate), dichlofluanid, dichlorophen, diclocymet,diclomezine, dichloran, diethofencarb, difenoconazole, difenzoquat ion,diflumetorim, dimethomorph, dimoxystrobin, diniconazole, diniconazole-M,dinobuton, dinocap, diphenylamine, dithianon, dodemorph, dodemorphacetate, dodine, dodine free base, edifenphos, epoxiconazole, ethaboxam,ethoxyquin, etridiazole, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenarimol,fenbuconazole, fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenoxanil, fenpiclonil,fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fentin, fentin acetate, fentin hydroxide,ferbam, ferimzone, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flumorph, fluopicolide,fluoroimide, fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flusulfamide,flutolanil, flutriafol, folpet, formaldehyde, fosetyl,fosetyl-aluminium, fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, guazatine,guazatine acetates, GY-81, hexachlorobenzene, hexaconazole, hymexazol,imazalil, imazalil sulfate, imibenconazole, iminoctadine, iminoctadinetriacetate, iminoctadine tris(albesilate), ipconazole, iprobenfos,iprodione, iprovalicarb, isoprothiolane, kasugamycin, kasugamycinhydrochloride hydrate, kresoxim-methyl, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb,mepanipyrim, mepronil, mercuric chloride, mercuric oxide, mercurouschloride, metalaxyl, mefenoxam, metalaxyl-M, metam, metam-ammonium,metam-potassium, metam-sodium, metconazole, methasulfocarb, methyliodide, methyl isothiocyanate, metiram, metominostrobin, metrafenone,mildiomycin, myclobutanil, nabam, nitrothal-isopropyl, nuarimol,octhilinone, ofurace, oleic acid, in general, fatty acids and saltsthereof, in partiuarl potassium salts; orysastrobin, oxadixyl,oxine-copper, oxpoconazole fumarate, oxycarboxin, pefurazoate,penconazole, pencycuron, pentachlorophenol, pentachlorophenyl laurate,penthiopyrad, phenylmercury acetate, phosphonic acid, phthalide,picoxystrobin, polyoxin B, polyoxins, polyoxorim, potassium bicarbonate,potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate, probenazole, prochloraz,procymidone, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochloride, propiconazole,propineb, proquinazid, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, pyrazophos,pyributicarb, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil, pyroquilon, quinoclamine,quinoxyfen, quintozene, Reynoutria sachalinensis extract, silthiofam,simeconazole, sodium 2-phenylphenoxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodiumpentachlorophenoxide, spiroxamine, sulfur, SYP-Z071, tar oils,tebuconazole, tecnazene, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thifluzamide,thiophanate-methyl, thiram, tiadinil, tolclofos-methyl, tolylfluanid,triadimefon, triadimenol, triazoxide, tricyclazole, tridemorph,trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, triforine, triticonazole, validamycin,vinclozolin, zineb, ziram, zoxamide, Candida oleophila, Fusariumoxysporum, Gliocladium spp., Phlebiopsis gigantean, Streptomycesgriseoviridis, Trichoderma spp.,(RS)—N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(methoxymethyl)-succinimide,1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoroacetone hydrate,1-chloro-2,4-dinitronaphthalene, 1-chloro-2-nitropropane,2-(2-heptadecyl-2-imidazolin-1-yl)ethanol,2,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-1,4-dithi-ine 1,1,4,4-tetraoxide,2-methoxyethylmercury acetate, 2-methoxyethylmercury chloride,2-methoxyethylmercury silicate, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methylrhodanine,4-(2-nitroprop-1-enyl)phenyl thiocyanateme: ampropylfos, anilazine,azithiram, barium polysulfide, Bayer 3 2394, benodanil, benquinox,bentaluron, benzamacril; benzamacril-isobutyl, benzamorf, binapacryl,bis(methylmercury) sulfate, bis(tributyltin) oxide, buthiobate, cadmiumcalcium copper zinc chromate sulfate, carbamorph, CECA, chlobenthiazone,chloraniformethan, chlorfenazole, chlorquinox, climbazole, copperbis(3-phenylsalicylate), copper zinc chromate, cufraneb, cuprichydrazinium sulfate, cuprobam, cyclafuramid, cypendazole, cyprofuram,decafentin, dichlone, dichlozoline, diclobutrazol, dimethirimol,dinocton, dinosulfon, dinoterbon, dipyrithione, ditalimfos, dodicin,drazoxolon, EBP, ESBP, etaconazole, etem, ethirim, fenaminosulf,fenapanil, fenitropan, fluotrimazole, furcarbanil, furconazole,furconazole-cis, furmecyclox, furophanate, glyodine, griseofulvin,halacrinate, Hercules 3944, hexylthiofos, ICIA0858, isopamphos,isovaledione, mebenil, mecarbinzid, metazoxolon, methfuroxam,methylmercury dicyandiamide, metsulfovax, milneb, mucochloric anhydride,myclozolin, N-3,5-dichlorophenyl-succinimide,N-3-nitrophenylitaconimide, natamycin,N-ethylmercurio-4-toluenesulfonanilide, nickelbis(dimethyldithiocarbamate), OCH, phenylmercurydimethyldithiocarbamate, phenylmercury nitrate, phosdiphen, prothiocarb;prothiocarb hydrochloride, pyracarbolid, pyridinitril, pyroxychlor,pyroxyfur, quinacetol; quinacetol sulfate, quinazamid, quinconazole,rabenzazole, salicylanilide, SSF-109, sultropen, tecoram, thiadifluor,thicyofen, thiochlorfenphim, thiophanate, thioquinox, tioxymid,triamiphos, triarimol, triazbutil, trichlamide, urbacid, XRD-563, andzarilamid, and any combinations thereof.

Non-limiting examples of suitable herbicides that may be used as the atleast one additional pesticide include amide herbicides such asallidochlor, beflubutamid, benzadox, benzipram, bromobutide,cafenstrole, CDEA, chlorthiamid, cyprazole, dimethenamid,dimethenamid-P, diphenamid, epronaz, etnipromid, fentrazamide, flupoxam,fomesafen, halosafen, isocarbamid, isoxaben, napropamide, naptalam,pethoxamid, propyzamide, quinonamid and tebutam; anilide herbicides suchas chloranocryl, cisanilide, clomeprop, cypromid, diflufenican,etobenzanid, fenasulam, flufenacet, flufenican, mefenacet, mefluidide,metamifop, monalide, naproanilide, pentanochlor, picolinafen andpropanil; arylalanine herbicides, such as benzoylprop, flampropandflamprop-M; chloroacetanilide herbicides, such as acetochlor, alachlor,butachlor, butenachlor, delachlor, diethatyl, dimethachlor, metazachlor,metolachlor, S-metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, propisochlor,prynachlor, terbuchlor, thenylchlor and xylachlor; sulfonanilideherbicides, such as benzofluor, perfluidone, pyrimisulfan andprofluazol; sulfonamide herbicides, such as asulam, carbasulam,fenasulam and oryzalin; antibiotic herbicides, such as bilanafos;benzoic acid herbicides, such as chloramben, dicamba, 2,3,6-TBA andtricamba; pyrimidinyloxybenzoic acid herbicides, such as bispyribac andpyriminobac; pyrimidinylthiobenzoic acid herbicides, such aspyrithiobac; phthalic acid herbicides, such as chlorthal; picolinic acidherbicides such as aminopyralid, clopyralid and picloram;quinolinecarboxylic acid herbicides, such as quinclorac and quinmerac;arsenical herbicides, such as cacodylic acid, CMA, DSMA, hexaflurate,MAA, MAMA, MSMA, potassium arsenite and sodium arsenite;benzoylcyclohexanedione herbicides, such as mesotrione, sulcotrione,tefuryltrione and tembotrione; benzofuranyl alkylsulfonate herbicides,such as benfuresate and ethofumesate; carbamate herbicides, such asasulam, carboxazole chlorprocarb, dichlormate, fenasulam, karbutilateand terbucarb; carbanilate herbicides, such as barban, BCPC, carbasulam,carbetamide, CEPC, chlorbufam, chlorpropham, CPPC, desmedipham,phenisopham, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, propham and swep;cyclohexene oxime herbicides, such as alloxydim, butroxydim, clethodim,cloproxydim, cycloxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim andtralkoxydim; cyclopropylisoxazole herbicides, such as isoxachlortole andisoxaflutole; dicarboximide herbicides, such as benzfendizone,cinidon-ethyl, flumezin, flumiclorac, flumioxazin and flumipropyn;dinitroaniline herbicides, such as benfluralin, butralin, dinitramine,ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, isopropalin, methalpropalin, nitralin,oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, profluralin and trifluralin;dinitrophenol herbicides, such as dinofenate, dinoprop, dinosaur,dinoseb, dinoterb, DNOC, etinofen and medinoterb; diphenyl etherherbicides, such as ethoxyfen; nitrophenyl ether herbicides, such asacifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, chlomethoxyfen, chlornitrofen,etnipromid, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen, fluoronitrofen, fomesafen,furyloxyfen, halosafen, lactofen, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen andoxyfluorfen; dithiocarbamate herbicides, such as dazomet and metam;halogenated aliphatic herbicides, such as alorac, chloropon, dalapon,flupropanate, hexachloroacetone, iodomethane, methyl bromide,monochloroacetic acid, SMA and TCA; imidazolinone herbicides, such asimazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin and imazethapyr;inorganic herbicides, such as ammonium sulfamate, borax, calciumchlorate, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, potassium azide, potassiumcyanate, sodium azide, sodium chlorate and sulfuric acid; nitrileherbicides, such as bromobonil, bromoxynil, chloroxynil, dichlobenil,iodobonil, ioxynil and pyraclonil; organophosphorus herbicides, such asamiprofos-methyl, anilofos, bensulide, bilanafos, butamifos, 2,4-DEP, DMPA, EBEP, fosamine, glufosinate, glyphosate and piperophos; phenoxyherbicides, such as bromofenoxim, clomeprop, 2,4-DEB, 2,4-DEP,difenopenten, disul, erbon, etnipromid, fenteracol and trifopsime;phenoxyacetic herbicides, such as 4-CPA, 2,4-D, 3,4-DA, MCPA,MCPA-thioethyl and 2,4,5-T; phenoxybutyric herbicides, such as 4-CPB,2,4-DB, 3,4-DB, MCPB and 2,4,5-TB; phenoxypropionic herbicides, such ascloprop, 4-CPP, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, 3,4-DP, fenoprop,mecopropand mecoprop-P; aryloxyphenoxypropionic herbicides, such aschlorazifop, clodinafop, clofop, cyhalofop, diclofop, fenoxaprop,fenoxaprop-P, fenthiaprop, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop,haloxyfop-P, isoxapyrifop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop,quizalofop-P and trifop; phenylenediamine herbicides, such asdinitramine and prodiamine; pyrazolyl herbicides, such as benzofenap,pyrazolynate, pyrasulfotole, pyrazoxyfen, pyroxasulfone and topramezone;pyrazolylphenyl herbicides, such as fluazolate and pyraflufen;pyridazine herbicides, such as credazine, pyridafol and pyridate;pyridazinone herbicides, such as brompyrazon, chloridazon, dimidazon,flufenpyr, metflurazon, norflurazon, oxapyrazon and pydanon; pyridineherbicides such as aminopyralid, cliodinate, clopyralid, dithiopyr,fluoroxypyr, haloxydine, picloram, picolinafen, pyriclor, thiazopyr andtriclopyr; pyrimidinediamine herbicides, such as iprymidam andtioclorim; quaternary ammonium herbicides, such as cyperquat,diethamquat, difenzoquat, diquat, morfamquat and paraquat; thiocarbamateherbicides, such as butylate, cycloate, di-allate, EPIC, esprocarb,ethiolate, isopolinate, methiobencarb, molinate, orbencarb, pebulate,prosulfocarb, pyributicarb, sulfallate, thiobencarb, tiocarbazil,tri-allate and vemolate; thiocarbonate herbicides, such as dimexano, EXDand proxan; thiourea herbicides such as methiuron; triazine herbicides,such as dipropetryn, triaziflam and trihydroxytriazine; chlorotriazineherbicides, such as atrazine, chlorazine, cyanazine, cyprazine,eglinazine, ipazine, mesoprazine, procyazine, proglinazine, propazine,sebuthylazine, simazine, terbuthylazine and trietazine; methoxytriazineherbicides, such as atraton, methometon, prometon, secbumeton, simetonand terbumeton; methylthiotriazine herbicides, such as ametryn,aziprotryne, cyanatryn, desmetryn, dimethametryn, methoprotryne,prometryn, simetryn and terbutryn; triazinone herbicides, such asametridione, amibuzin, hexazinone, isomethiozin, metamitron andmetribuzin; triazole herbicides, such as amitrole, cafenstrole, epronazand flupoxam; triazolone herbicides, such as amicarbazone, bencarbazone,carfentrazone, flucarbazone, propoxycarbazone, sulfentrazone andthiencarbazone-methyl; triazolopyrimidine herbicides, such ascloransulam, diclosulam, florasulam, flumetsulam, metosulam, penoxsulamand pyroxsulam; uracil herbicides, such as butafenacil, bromacil,flupropacil, isocil, lenacil and terbacil; 3-phenyluracils; ureaherbicides, such as benzthiazuron, cumyluron, cycluron, dichloralurea,diflufenzopyr, isonoruron, isouron, methabenzthiazuron, monisouron andnoruron; phenylurea herbicides, such as anisuron, buturon,chlorbromuron, chloreturon, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, daimuron,difenoxuron, dimefuron, diuron, fenuron, fluometuron, fluothiuron,isoproturon, linuron, methiuron, methyldymron, metobenzuron,metobromuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, monuron, neburon, parafluoron,phenobenzuron, siduron, tetrafluoron and thidiazuron;pyrimidinylsulfonylurea herbicides, such as amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron,bensulfuron, chlorimuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron,flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron,halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, mesosulfuron, nicosulfuron,orthosulfamuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, pyrazosulfuron,rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron and trifloxysulfuron;triazinylsulfonylurea herbicides, such as chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron,ethametsulfuron, iodosulfuron, metsulfuron, prosulfuron, thifensulfuron,triasulfuron, tribenuron, triflusulfuron and tritosulfuron;thiadiazolylurea herbicides, such as buthiuron, ethidimuron,tebuthiuron, thiazafluoron and thidiazuron; and unclassified herbicidessuch as acrolein, allyl alcohol, azafenidin, benazolin, bentazone,benzobicyclon, buthidazole, calcium cyanamide, cambendichlor,chlorfenac, chlorfenprop, chlorflurazole, chlorflurenol, cinmethylin,clomazone, CPMF, cresol, ortho-dichlorobenzene, dimepiperate, endothal,fluoromidine, fluridone, fluorochloridone, flurtamone, fluthiacet,indanofan, methazole, methyl isothiocyanate, nipyraclofen, OCH,oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxaziclomefone, pentachlorophenol, pentoxazone,phenylmercury acetate, pinoxaden, prosulfalin, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid,quinoclamine, rhodethanil, sulglycapin, thidiazimin, tridiphane,trimeturon, tripropindan, and tritac.

Non-limiting examples of suitable additional active ingredients alsoinclude the following:

3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid(9-dichloromethylene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methano-naphthalen-5-yl)-amide,3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acidmethoxy-[1-methyl-2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-ethyl]-amide,1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid(2-dichloromethylene-3-ethyl-1-methyl-indan-4-yl)-amide (1072957-71-1),1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid(4′-methylsulfanyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-amide,1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-4H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid[2-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2-methoxy-1-methyl-ethyl]-amide, (5-Chloro-2,4-dimethyl-pyridin-3-y1)-(2,3,4-trinnethoxy-6-methyl-phenyl)-methanone,(5-Bromo-4-chloro-2-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-(2,3,4-trimethoxy-6-methyl-phenyl)-methanone,2-{2-[(E)-3-(2,6-Dichloro-phenyl)-1-methyl-prop-2-en-(E)-ylideneaminooxymethyl]-phenyl}-2-[(Z)-methoxyimino]-N-methyl-acetamide,3-[5-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine,(E)-N-methyl-2-[2- (2, 5- dimethylphenoxymethyl)phenyl]-2-methoxy-iminoacetamide, 4-bromo-2-cyano-N, N-dimethyl-6-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole-1-sulphonamide, a-[N-(3-chloro-2,6-xylyl)-2-methoxyacetamido]-y- butyrolactone, 4-chloro-2-cyano-N,N-dimethyl-5-p-tolylimidazole-1-sulfonamide, N-allyl-4,5,-dimethyl-2-trimethylsilylthiophene-3-carboxamide, N-(1-cyano-1, 2-d imethyl p ropy l)-2-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) propionamide, N-(2-methoxy-5-pyridyl)-cyclopropane carboxamide,(.+-.)-cis-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1 H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-cycloheptanol,2-(1-ieri-butyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-propan-2-ol,26′-dibromo-2-methyl-4-trifluoromethoxy-4′-trifluoromethyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxanilide, 1-imidazolyl-1-(4′-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one, methyl(E)-2-[2-[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxy] phenyl]3-methoxyacrylate,methyl(E)-2-[2-[6-(2-thioamidophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxy]phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate,methyl (E)-2-[2-[6-(2-fluorophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxy]phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate, methyl(E)-2-[2-[6-(2,6-difluorophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxy]phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate,methyl (E)-2-[2-[3-(pyrimidin-2-yloxy)phenoxy]phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate,methyl (E)-2-[2-[3-(5-methylpyrimidin-2-yloxy)-phenoxy]phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate, methyl(E)-2-[2-[3-(phenyl-sulphonyloxy)phenoxy]phenyl-3- methoxyacrylate,methyl (E)-2-[2-[3-(4-nitrophenoxy)phenoxy]phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate,methyl (E)-2-[2-phenoxyphenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate, methyl(E)-2-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-benzoyl)pyrrol-1-yl]-3- methoxyacrylate, methyl(E)-2-[2-(3-methoxyphenoxy)phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate, methyl(E)-2-[2-(2-phenylethen-1-yl)-phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate, methyl(E)-2-[2-(3,5-dichlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl]-3- methoxyacrylate, methyl(E)-2-(2-(3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenoxy)phenyl)-3-methoxyacrylate,methyl(E)-2-(2-[3-(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)phenoxy]phenyl)-3-methoxyacrylate,methyl (E)-2-(2-(4-phenoxypyridin-2-yloxy)phenyl)-3-methoxyacrylate,methyl (E)-2-[2-(3-n-propyloxy-phenoxy)phenyl]3- methoxyacrylate, methyl(E)-2-[2-(3-isopropyloxyphenoxy)phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate, methyl(E)-2-[2-[3-(2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate, methyl(E)-2-[2-(3-ethoxyphenoxy)phenyl]-3- methoxyacrylate, methyl(E)-2-[2-(4-ieri-butyl-pyridin-2-yloxy)phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate, methyl(E)-2-[2-[3-(3-cyanophenoxy)phenoxy]phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate, methyl(E)-2-[2-[(3-methyl-pyridin-2- yloxymethyl)phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate,methyl (E)-2-[2-[6-(2-methyl-phenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxy]phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate, methyl(E)-2-[2-(5-bromo-pyridin-2-yloxymethyl)phenyl]-3- methoxyacrylate,methyl(E)-2-[2-(3-(3-iodopyridin-2-yloxy)phenoxy)phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate,methyl (E)-2-[2-[6-(2-chloropyridin-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxy]phenyl]-3-nnethoxyacrylate, methyl (E),(E)-2-[2-(5,6-dimethylpyrazin-2-yImethyloximinomethyl)phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate,methyl (E)-2-{2-[6-(6-methylpyridin-2-yloxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxy]phenyl}-3-methoxy-acrylate,methyl(E),(E)-2-{2-(3-methoxyphenyl)methyloximinomethyl]-phenyl1-3-methoxyacrylate,methyl (E)-2-{2-(6-(2-azidophenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylate, methyl(E),(E)-2-{2-[6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)-methyloximino-methyl]phenyl1-3-methoxyacrylate, methyl (E),(E)-2-12-[(4-chlorophenyl)- methyloximinomethyl]-phenyl}-3-methoxyacryl ate,methyl(E)-2-{2-[6-(2-n-propylphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazin-4-yloxy]phenyl}-1-3-methoxyacrylate,methyl (E),(E)-2-{2-[(3-nitrophenyl)methyloximinomethyl]phenyl}-1-3-methoxyacrylate,3-chloro-7-(2-aza-2,7,7-trimethyl-oct-3-en-5-ine),2,6-dichloro-N-(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-benzamide, 3-iodo-2-propinylalcohol, 4-chlorophenyl-3-iodopropargyl formal,3-bromo-2,3-diiodo-2-propenyl ethylcarbamate, 2,3,3-triiodoallylalcohol, 3-bromo-2,3-diiodo-2-propenyl alcohol, 3-iodo-2-propinyln-butylcarbamate, 3-iodo-2-propinyl n-hexylcarbamate, 3-iodo-2-propinylcyclohexyl-carbamate, 3-iodo-2-propinyl phenylcarbamate; phenolderivatives, such as tribromophenol, tetrachlorophenol,3-methyl-4-chlorophenol, 3,5-dimethyl-4-chlorophenol, phenoxyethanol,dichlorophene, o-phenylphenol, m-phenylphenol, p-phenylphenol,2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol, 5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone;4,5-dichlorodithiazolinone, 4,5-benzodithiazolinone,4,5-trimethylenedithiazolinone, 4,5-dichloro-(3H)-1,2-dithiol-3-one,3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione,N-(2-p-chlorobenzoylethyl)-hexaminium chloride, acibenzolar, acypetacs,alanycarb, albendazole, aldimorph, allicin, allyl alcohol, ametoctradin,amisulbrom, amobam, ampropylfos, anilazine, asomate, aureofungin,azaconazole, azafendin, azithiram, azoxystrobin, barium polysulfide,benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, benodanil, benomyl, benquinox, bentaluron,benthiavalicarb, benthiazole, benzalkonium chloride, benzamacril,benzamorf, benzohydroxamic acid, benzovindiflupyr, berberine,bethoxazin, biloxazol, binapacryl, biphenyl, bitertanol, bithionol,bixafen, blasticidin-S, boscalid, bromothalonil, bromuconazole,bupirimate, buthiobate, butylamine calcium polysulfide, captafol,captan, carbamorph, carbendazim, carbendazim chlorhydrate, carboxin,carpropamid, carvone, CGA41396, CGA41397, chinomethionate, chitosan,chlobenthiazone, chloraniformethan, chloranil, chlorfenazole, chloroneb,chloropicrin, chlorothalonil, chlorozolinate, chlozolinate, climbazole,clotrimazole, clozylacon, copper containing compounds such as copperacetate, copper carbonate, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copperoleate, copper oxychloride, copper oxyquinolate, copper silicate, coppersulphate, copper tallate, copper zinc chromate and Bordeaux mixture,cresol, cufraneb, cuprobam, cuprous oxide, cyazofamid, cyclafuramid,cycloheximide, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cypendazole, cyproconazole,cyprodinil, dazomet, debacarb, decafentin, dehydroacetic acid,di-2-pyridyl disulphide 1,1′-dioxide, dichlofluanid, diclomezine,dichlone, dicloran, dichlorophen, dichlozoline, diclobutrazol,diclocymet, diethofencarb, difenoconazole, difenzoquat, diflumetorim,0-di-iso-propyl-S- benzyl thiophosphate, dimefluazole, dimetachlone,dimetconazole, dimethomorph, dimethirimol, diniconazole, diniconazole-M,dinobuton, dinocap, dinocton, dinopenton, dinosulfon, dinoterbon,diphenylamine, dipyrithione, disulfiram, ditalimfos, dithianon,dithioether, dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dodemorph, dodicin,dodine, doguadine, drazoxolon, edifenphos, enestroburin, epoxiconazole,etaconazole, etem, ethaboxam, ethirimol, ethoxyquin, ethilicin, ethyl(Z)-N-benzyl-N([methyl (methyl-thioethylideneamino- oxycarbonyl) amino]thio){circumflex over ( )}-alaninate, etridiazole, famoxadone,fenamidone, fenaminosulf, fenapanil, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fenfuram,fenhexamid, fenitropan, fenoxanil, fenpiclonil, fenpicoxamid,fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fenpyrazamine, fentin acetate, fentinhydroxide, ferbam, ferimzone, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flumetover,flumorph, flupicolide, fluopyram, fluoroimide, fluotrimazole,fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutanil,flutolanil, flutriafol, fluxapyroxad, folpet, formaldehyde, fosetyl,fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, furcarbanil, furconazole, furfural,furmecyclox, furophanate, glyodin, griseofulvin, guazatine, halacrinate,hexa chlorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene, hexachlorophene, hexaconazole,hexylthiofos, hydrargaphen, hydroxyisoxazole, hymexazole, imazalil,imazalil sulphate, imibenconazole, iminoctadine, iminoctadinetriacetate, inezin, iodocarb, ipconazole, ipfentrifluconazole,iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb, isopropanyl butyl carbamate,isoprothiolane, isopyrazam, isotianil, isovaledione, izopamfos,kasugamycin, kresoxim- methyl, LY186054, LY211795, LY248908, mancozeb,mandipropamid, maneb, mebenil, mecarbinzid, mefenoxam,mefentrifluconazole, mepanipyrim, mepronil, mercuric chloride, mercurouschloride, meptyldinocap, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, metam, metazoxolon,metconazole, methasulfocarb, methfuroxam, methyl bromide, methyl iodide,methyl isothiocyanate, metiram, metiram-zinc, metominostrobin,metrafenone, metsulfovax, milneb, moroxydine, myclobutanil, myclozolin,nabam, natamycin, neoasozin, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate,nitrostyrene, nitrothalisopropyl, nuarimol, octhilinone, ofurace,organomercury compounds, orysastrobin, osthol, oxadixyl, oxasulfuron,oxathiapiprolin, oxine-copper, oxolinic acid, oxpoconazole, oxycarboxin,parinol, pefurazoate, penconazole, pencycuron, penflufen,pentachlorophenol, penthiopyrad, phenamacril, phenazin oxide,phosdiphen, phosetyl-Al, phosphorus acids, phthalide, picoxystrobin,piperalin, polycarbamate, polyoxin D, polyoxrim, polyram, probenazole,prochloraz, procymidone, propamidine, propamocarb, propiconazole,propineb, propionic acid, proquinazid, prothiocarb, prothioconazole,pydiflumetofen, pyracarbolid, pyraclostrobin, pyrametrostrobin,pyraoxystrobin, pyrazophos, pyribencarb, pyridinitril, pyrifenox,pyrimethanil, pyriofenone, pyroquilon, pyroxychlor, pyroxyfur,pyrrolnitrin, quaternary ammonium compounds, quinacetol, quinazamid,quinconazole, quinomethionate, quinoxyfen, quintozene, rabenzazole,santonin, sedaxane, silthiofam, simeconazole, sipconazole, sodiumpentachlorophenate, spiroxamine, streptomycin, sulphur, sultropen,tebuconazole, tebfloquin, tecloftalam, tecnazene, tecoram,tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thiadifluor, thicyofen, thifluzamide, 2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole, thiophanate-methyl, thioquinox,thiram, tiadinil, timibenconazole, tioxymid, tolclofos-methyl,tolylfluanid, triadimefon, triadimenol, triamiphos, triarimol,triazbutil, triazoxide, tricyclazole, tridemorph, trifloxystrobin,triflumazole, triforine, triflumizole, triticonazole, uniconazole,urbacide, validamycin, valifenalate, vapam, vinclozolin, zarilamid,zineb, ziram, and zoxamide.

The agricultural compounds useful in the dressings applied according tothe invention may also be used in combination with anthelmintic agents.Such anthelmintic agents include, compounds selected from themacrocyclic lactone class of compounds such as ivermectin, avermectin,abamectin, emamectin, eprinomectin, doramectin, selamectin, moxidectin,nemadectin and milbemycin derivatives as described in EP- 357460,EP-444964 and EP- 594291. Additional anthelmintic agents includesemisynthetic and biosynthetic avermectin/milbemycin derivatives such asthose described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,015,630, WO-9415944 and WO-9522552.Additional anthelmintic agents include the benzimidazoles such asalbendazole, cambendazole, fenbendazole, flubendazole, mebendazole,oxfendazole, oxibendazole, parbendazole, and other members of the class.Additional anthelmintic agents include imidazothiazoles andtetrahydropyrimidines such as tetramisole, levamisole, pyrantel pamoate,oxantel or morantel. Additional anthelmintic agents include flukicides,such as triclabendazole and clorsulon and the cestocides, such aspraziquantel and epsiprantel.

The compounds of the invention may be used in combination withderivatives and analogues of the paraherquamide/marcfortine class ofanthelmintic agents, as well as the antiparasitic oxazolines such asthose disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,478,855, 4,639,771 and DE-19520936.

Non-limiting examples of suitable additional active ingredients alsoinclude the following: derivatives and analogues of the general class ofdioxomorpholine antiparasitic agents as described in WO 96/15121 andalso with anthelmintic active cyclic depsipeptides such as thosedescribed in WO 96/11945, WO 93/19053, WO 93/25543, EP 0 6 26 375, EP 0382 173, WO 94/19334, EP 0 382 173, and EP 0 503 538. The compounds ofthe invention may be used in combination with other ectoparasiticides;for example, fipronil; pyrethroids; organophosphates; insect growthregulators such as lufenuron; ecdysone agonists such as tebufenozide andthe like; neonicotinoids such as imidacloprid and the like.

The compounds of the invention may be used in combination with terpenealkaloids, for example those described in International PatentApplication Publication Numbers WO 95/19363 or WO 04/72086, particularlythe compounds disclosed therein.

Other examples of such biologically active agricultural compounds thatmay be used in combination with include but are not restricted to thefollowing: Organophosphates include acephate, azamethiphos,azinphos-ethyl, azinphos- methyl, bromophos, bromophos-ethyl, cadusafos,chlorethoxyphos, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, demeton,demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methyl sulphone, dialifos, diazinon,dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethion, ethoprophos,etrimfos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fensulfothion, fenthion,flupyrazofos, fonofos, formothion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, isazophos,isothioate, isoxathion, malathion, methacriphos, methamidophos,methidathion, methyl-parathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled,omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, paraoxon, parathion, parathion-methyl,phenthoate, phosalone, phosfolan, phosphocarb, phosmet, phosphamidon,phorate, phoxim, pirimiphos, pirimiphosmethyl, profenofos, propaphos,proetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridapenthion, quinalphos,sulprophos, temephos, terbufos, tebupirimfos, tetrachlorvinphos,thimeton, triazophos, trichlorfon, vamidothion. Exemplary additionalcarbamates include alanycarb, aldicarb, 2-sec-butylphenylmethylcarbamate, benfuracarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan,cloethocarb, ethiofencarb, fenoxycarb, fenthiocarb, furathiocarb,HCN-801, isoprocarb, indoxacarb, methiocarb, methomyl,5-methyl-m-cumenylbutyryl(methyl)carbamate, oxamyl, pirimicarb,propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, UC-51717. Exemplaryadditional pyrethroids may include acrinathin, allethrin, alphametrin,5-benzyl-3-furylmethyl (E) -(1R)-cis-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-oxothiolan-3-ylidenemethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate,bifenthrin, beta -cyfluthrin, cyfluthrin, a- cypermethrin, beta-cypernnethrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin((S)-cyclopentylisomer),bioresmethrin, bifenthrin, NCI-85193, cycloprothrin, cyhalothrin,cythithrin, cyphenothrin, deltannethrin, empenthrin, esfenvalerate,ethofenprox, fenfluthrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate,flumethrin, fluvalinate (D isomer), imiprothrin, cyhalothrin,lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, pyrethrins(natural products), resmethrin, tetramethrin, transfluthrin,theta-cypermethrin, silafluofen, t-fluvalinate, tefluthrin,tralomethrin, and Zeta-cypermethrin.

Exemplary additional arthropod growth regulators may include a) chitinsynthesis inhibitors: benzoylureas: chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron,fluazuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron,novaluron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron, buprofezin, diofenolan,hexythiazox, etoxazole, chlorfentazine; b) ecdysone antagonists:halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide; c) juvenoids: pyriproxyfen,methoprene (including S-methoprene), fenoxycarb; d) lipid biosynthesisinhibitors: spirodiclofen.

Other exemplary additional antiparasitic compounds may includeacequinocyl, amitraz, AKD-1022, ANS-1 18, azadirachtin, bensultap,bifenazate, binapacryl, bromopropylate, BTG-504, BTG-505, camphechlor,cartap, chlorobenzilate, chlordimeform, chlorfenapyr, chromafenozide,clothianidine, cyromazine, diacloden, diafenthiuron, DBI-3 204,dinactin, dihydroxymethyldihydroxypyrrolidine, dinobuton, dinocap,endosulfan, ethiprole, ethofenprox, fenazaquin, fluorite, MTI- 800,fenpyroximate, fluacrypyrim, flubenzimine, flubrocythrinate, flufenzine,flufenprox, fluproxyfen, halofenprox, hydramethylnon, IKI-2 20,kanemite, NC-196, neem guard, nidinorterfuran, nitenpyram, SD-35651,WL-108477, pirydaryl, propargite, protrifenbute, pymethrozine,pyridaben, pyrimidifen, NC-1 1 1 1, R-195,RH-0345, RH-2485, RYI-210, S-1283, S-1833, SI-8601, silafluofen, silomadine, spinosad, tebufenpyrad,tetradifon, tetranactin, thiacloprid, thiocyclam, thiamethoxam,tolfenpyrad, triazamate, triethoxyspinosyn, trinactin, verbutin,vertalec, YI-5301. The at least one 2,4-(substitutedaromatic)-1,3-oxazoline compound and the at least one additionalpesticide may, for example, be present in a weight ratio of from about1:100 to about 100:1. Additional insecticide compound may be used forthe same pesticidal activity as the at least one 2,4-(substitutedaromatic)-1,3-oxazoline compound (e.g., to control insects of aparticular Order, Family, Genus, Species, etc.), or may be used for adifferent pesticidal activity (e.g., to control insects of a differentOrder, Family, Genus, Species, etc.). Non-limiting examples of suitableinsecticides that may be used as the at least one additional pesticideinclude: antibiotic insecticides, such as allosamidin and thuringiensin;macrocyclic lactone insecticides, such as spinosad, spinetoram, andother spinosyns including the 21-butenyl spinosyns and theirderivatives; avermectin insecticides, such as abamectin, doramectin,emamectin, eprinomectin, ivermectin and selamectin; milbemycininsecticides, such as lepimectin, milbemectin, milbemycin oxime andmoxidectin; arsenical insecticides, such as calcium arsenate, copperacetoarsenite, copper arsenate, lead arsenate, potassium arsenite andsodium arsenite; biological insecticides such as Bacillus popilliae, B.sphaericus, B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, B. thuringiensis subsp.kurstaki, B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, Beauveria bassiana, Cydiapomonella granulosis virus; Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxin,baculovirus, entomopathogenic bacteria, virus and fungi; Douglas firtussock moth NPV, gypsy moth NPV, Helicoverpa zea NPV, Indian meal mothgranulosis virus, Metarhizium anisopliae, Nosema locustae, Paecilomycesfumosoroseus, P. lilacinus, Photorhabdus luminescens, Spodoptera exiguaNPV, trypsin modulating oostatic factor, Xenorhabdus nematophilus, andX. bovienii, plant incorporated protectant insecticides such as Cry1Ab,Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, Cry3A, mir Cry3A, Cry3Bb1, Cry34,Cry35, and VIP3A; botanical insecticides, such as anabasine,azadirachtin, d-limonene, nicotine, pyrethrins, cinerins, cinerin I,cinerin II, jasmolin I, jasmolin II, pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, quassia,rotenone, ryania and sabadilla; carbamate insecticides such asbendiocarb and carbaryl; benzofuranyl methylcarbamate insecticides, suchas benfuracarb, carbofuran, carbosulfan, decarbofuran and furathiocarb;dimethylcarbamate insecticides dimitan, dimetilan, hyquincarb andpirimicarb; oxime carbamate insecticides, such as alanycarb, aldicarb,aldoxycarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, methomyl, nitrilacarb, oxamyl,tazimcarb, thiocarboxime, thiodicarb and thiofanox; phenylmethylcarbamate insecticides, such as allyxycarb, aminocarb, bufencarb,butacarb, carbanolate, cloethocarb, dicresyl, dioxacarb, EM PC,ethiofencarb, fenethacarb, fenobucarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb,metolcarb, mexacarbate, promacyl, promecarb, propoxur, trimethacarb, XMCand xylylcarb; dinitrophenol insecticides, such as dinex, dinoprop,dinosaur and DNOC; fluorine insecticides, such as bariumhexafluorosilicate, cryolite, sodium fluoride, sodium hexafluorosilicateand sulfluramid; formamidine insecticides, such as amitraz,chlordimeform, formetanate and formparanate; fumigant insecticides, suchas acrylonitrile, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform,chloropicrin, para-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloropropane, ethyl formate,ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, hydrogencyanide, iodomethane, methyl bromide, methylchloroform, methylenechloride, naphthalene, phosphine, sulfuryl fluoride andtetrachloroethane; inorganic insecticides, such as borax, calciumpolysulfide, copper oleate, mercurous chloride, potassium thiocyanateand sodium thiocyanate; chitin synthesis inhibitors such asbistrifluoron, buprofezin, chlorfluazuron, cyromazine, diflubenzuron,flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron,noviflumuron, penfluoron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron; juvenilehormone mimics, such as epofenonane, fenoxycarb, hydroprene, kinoprene,methoprene, pyriproxyfen and triprene; juvenile hormones such asjuvenile hormone I, juvenile hormone II and juvenile hormone III;moulting hormone agonists, such as chromafenozide, halofenozide,methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide; moulting hormones such as α-ecdysoneand ecdysterone; moulting inhibitors, such as diofenolan; precocenes,such as precocene I, precocene II and precocene III; unclassified insectgrowth regulators, such as dicyclanil; nereistoxin analogueinsecticides, such as bensultap, cartap, thiocyclam and thiosultap;nicotinoid insecticides, such as flonicamid; nitroguanidineinsecticides, such as clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid andthiamethoxam; aminofuranone neonicotinoids such as BYI-0 2960;semisynthetic fermentation products such as cypropen; nitromethyleneinsecticides, such as nitenpyram and nithiazine; pyridylmethylamineinsecticides, such as acetamiprid, imidacloprid, nitenpyram andthiacloprid; organochlorine insecticides, such as bromo-DDT,camphechlor, DDT, pp′-DDT, ethyl-DDD, HCH, gamma-HCH, lindane,methoxychlor, pentachlorophenol and IDE; cyclodiene insecticides such asaldrin, bromocyclen, chlorbicyclen, chlordane, chlordecone, dieldrin,dilor, endosulfan, endrin, HEOD, heptachlor, HHDN, isobenzan, isodrin,kelevan and mirex; organophosphate insecticides, such as bromfenvinfos,chlorfenvinphos, crotoxyphos, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dimethylvinphos,fospirate, heptenophos, methocrotophos, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled,naftalofos, phosphamidon, propaphos, TEPP and tetrachlorvinphos;organothiophosphate insecticides, such as dioxabenzofos, fosmethilan andphenthoate; aliphatic organothiophosphate insecticides, such asacethion, amiton, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlormephos, demephion,demephion-O, demephion-S, demeton, demeton-O, demeton-S, demeton-methyl,demeton-O-methyl, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulphon, disulfoton,ethion, ethoprophos, IPSP, isothioate, malathion, methacrifos,oxydemeton-methyl, oxydeprofos, oxydisulfoton, phorate, sulfotep,terbufos and thiometon; aliphatic amide organothiophosphateinsecticides, such as amidithion, cyanthoate, dimethoate,ethoate-methyl, formothion, mecarbam, omethoate, prothoate, sophamideand vamidothion; oxime organothiophosphate insecticides, such aschlorphoxim, phoxim and phoxim-methyl; heterocyclic organothiophosphateinsecticides, such as azamethiphos, coumaphos, coumithoate, dioxathion,endothion, menazon, morphothion, phosalone, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthionand quinothion; benzothiopyran organothiophosphate insecticides, such asdithicrofos and thicrofos; benzotriazine organothiophosphateinsecticides such as azinphos-ethyl and azinphos-methyl; isoindoleorganothiophosphate insecticides, such as dialifos and phosmet;isoxazole organothiophosphate insecticides, such as isoxathion andzolaprofos; pyrazolopyrimidine organothiophosphate insecticides, such aschlorprazophos and pyrazophos; pyridine organothiophosphateinsecticides, such as chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl; pyrimidineorganothiophosphate insecticides, such as butathiofos, diazinon,etrimfos, lirimfos, pirimiphos-ethyl, pirimiphos-methyl, primidophos,pyrimitate and tebupirimfos; quinoxaline organothiophosphateinsecticides, such as quinalphos and quinalphos-methyl; thiadiazoleorganothiophosphate insecticides, such as athidathion, lythidathion,methidathion and prothidathion; triazole organothiophosphateinsecticides, such as isazofos and triazophos; phenylorganothiophosphate insecticides, such as azothoate, bromophos,bromophos-ethyl, carbophenothion, chlorthiophos, cyanophos, cythioate,dicapthon, dichlofenthion, etaphos, famphur, fenchlorphos, fenitrothionfensulfothion, fenthion, fenthion-ethyl, heterophos, jodfenphos,mesulfenfos, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenkapton, phosnichlor,profenofos, prothiofos, sulprofos, temephos, trichlormetaphos-3 andtrifenofos; phosphonate insecticides, such as butonate and trichlorfon;phosphonothioate insecticides, such as mecarphon; phenylethylphosphonothioate insecticides, such as fonofos and trichloronat;phenyl phenylphosphonothioate insecticides, such as cyanofenphos, EPNand leptophos; phosphoramidate insecticides such as crufomate,fenamiphos, fosthietan, mephosfolan, phosfolan and pirimetaphos;phosphoramidothioate insecticides such as acephate, isocarbophos,isofenphos, methamidophos and propetamphos; phosphorodiamideinsecticides, such as dimefox, mazidox, mipafox and schradan; oxadiazineinsecticides, such as indoxacarb; phthalimide insecticides, such asdialifos, phosmet and tetramethrin; pyrazole insecticides, such asacetoprole, ethiprole, fipronil, pyrafluprole, pyriprole, tebufenpyrad,tolfenpyrad and vaniliprole; pyrethroid ester insecticides, such asacrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, barthrin, bifenthrin,bioethanomethrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin,beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin,cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin,zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltannethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin,empenthrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate,esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, furethrin,imiprothrin, metofluthrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin,phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, pyresmethrin, resmethrin,bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin,tralomethrin and transfluthrin; pyrethroid ether insecticides, such asetofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute and silafluofen;pyrimidinamine insecticides, such as flufenerim and pyrimidifen; pyrroleinsecticides, such as chlorfenapyr; tetronic acid insecticides, such asspirodiclofen, spiromesifen and spirotetramat; thiourea insecticidessuch as diafenthiuron; urea insecticides, such as flucofuron andsulcofuron; and unclassified insecticides, such as AKD-3088, closantel,crotamiton, cyflumetofen, EXD, fenazaflor, fenazaquin, fenoxacrim,fenpyroximate, FKI-1033, flubendiamide, cyazypyr (cyantraniliprole),hydramethylnon, IKI-2002, isoprothiolane, malonoben, metaflumizone,metoxadiazone, nifluridide, NNI-9850, NNI-0101 (pyrifluquinazon),pymetrozine, pyridaben, pyridalyl, Qcide, rafoxanide, rynaxypyr(chlorantraniliprole), SYJ-159, sulfoxaflor, triarathene, andtriazamate, and any combinations thereof.

Generally, the liquid dressing compositions described herein may alsocomprise any adjuvants, excipients, or other desirable components knownin the art. For example, in some embodiments, the treatment compositionfurther comprises a surfactant.

In these compositions, the active ingredient is employed in pure form, asolid active ingredient for example in a specific particle size, or,preferably, together with -at least -one of the auxiliariesconventionally used in the art of formulation, such as extenders, forexample solvents or solid carriers, or such as surface-active compounds(surfactants). Examples of suitable solvents or diluents are water,unhydrogenated or partially hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbons,preferably the fractions C₅ to C₁₂ of alkylbenzenes, such as xylenemixtures, alkylated naphthalenes or tetrahydronaphthalene, aliphatic orcycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, such as paraffins or cyclohexane, alcoholssuch as ethanol, propanol or butanol, glycols and their ethers andesters such as propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol ether, ethyleneglycol or ethylene glycol monomethyl ether or ethylene glycol monoethylether, ketones, such as cyclohexanone, isophorone or diacetone alcohol,strongly polar solvents, such as N- methylpyrrolid-2-one, dimethylsulfoxide or N,N-dimethylformamide, water, unepoxidized or epoxidizedvegetable oils, such as unexpodized or epoxidized rapeseed, castor,coconut or soya oil, and silicone oils.

Suitable surface-active compounds are, depending on the type of theactive ingredient to be formulated, non-ionic, cationic and/or anionicsurfactants or surfactant mixtures which have good emulsifying,dispersing and wetting properties. The surfactants mentioned below areonly to be considered as examples; a large number of further surfactantswhich are conventionally used in the art of formulation and suitableaccording to the invention are described in the relevant literature.

Suitable non-ionic surfactants are, especially, polyglycol etherderivatives of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols, of saturated orunsaturated fatty acids or of alkyl phenols which may containapproximately 3 to approximately 30 glycol ether groups andapproximately 8 to approximately 20 carbon atoms in the (cyclo)aliphatichydrocarbon radical or approximately 6 to approximately 18 carbon atomsin the alkyl moiety of the alkyl phenols. Also suitable arewater-soluble polyethylene oxide adducts with polypropylene glycol,ethylenediaminopolypropylene glycol or alkyl polypropylene glycol having1 to approximately 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain and approximately20 to approximately 250 ethylene glycol ether groups and approximately10 to approximately 100 propylene glycol ether groups.

Normally, the abovementioned compounds contain 1 to approximately 5ethylene glycol units per propylene glycol unit. Examples which may bementioned are nonylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, castor oil polyglycolether, polypropylene glycol/polyethylene oxide adducts,tributylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, polyethylene glycol oroctylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol. Also suitable are fatty acid esters ofpolyoxyethylene sorbitan, such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate.The cationic surfactants are, especially, quarternary ammonium saltswhich generally have at least one alkyl radical of from C₈ to C₂₂ carbonatoms as substituents and as further substituents (unhalogenated orhalogenated) lower alkyl or hydroxyalkyl or benzyl radicals. The saltsare preferably in the form of halides, methylsulfates or ethylsulfates.Examples are stearyltrimethylammonium chloride andbenzylbis(2-chloroethyl)ethylammonium bromide.

Examples of suitable anionic surfactants are water-soluble soaps orwater-soluble synthetic surface-active compounds. Examples of suitablesoaps are the alkali, alkaline earth or (unsubstituted or substituted)ammonium salts of fatty acids having approximately C₁₀ to C₂₂ carbonatoms as substituents, such as the sodium or potassium salts of oleic orstearic acid, or of natural fatty acid mixtures which are obtainable forexample from coconut or tall oil; mention must also be made of the fattyacid methyl taurates. However, synthetic surfactants are used morefrequently, in particular fatty sulfonates, fatty sulfates, sulfonatedbenzimidazole derivatives or alkylaryl sulfonates. As a rule, the fattysulfonates and fatty sulfates are present as alkali, alkaline earth or(substituted or unsubstituted) ammonium salts and they generally have analkyl radical of C₈ to C₂₂ carbon atoms as substituents, alkyl also tobe understood as including the alkyl moiety of acyl radicals; exampleswhich may be mentioned are the sodium or calcium salts of lignosulfonicacid, of the dodecylsulfuric ester or of a fatty alcohol sulfate mixtureprepared from natural fatty acids. This group also includes the salts ofthe sulfuric esters and sulfonic acids of fatty alcohol/ethylene oxideadducts. The sulfonated benzimidazole derivatives preferably contain 2sulfonyl groups and a fatty acid radical of approximately 8 toapproximately 2 2 C atoms. Examples of alkylarylsulfonates are thesodium, calcium or triethanolammonium salts of decylbenzenesulfonicacid, of dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid or of a naphthalenesulfonicacid/formaldehyde condensate. Also possible are, furthermore, suitablephosphates, such as salts of the phosphoric ester of ap-nonylphenol/(4-14)ethylene oxide adduct, or phospholipids.

As a rule, the dressing compositions may comprise 0.1 to 99%, especially0.1 to 95%, of active ingredient and 1 to 99.9%, especially 5 to 99.9%,of at least one solid or liquid adjuvant, it being possible as a rulefor 0 to 25%, especially 0.1 to 20%, of the composition to besurfactants(% in each case meaning percent by weight).

Whereas concentrated compositions, also referred to as pre-mixformulations tend to be preferred for cartridge use, also dilutecompositions which have substantially lower concentrations of activeingredient may be employed as ready-to-use, or so-called tank mixcompounds.

Suitable pre-mix formulations for seed application may comprise 0.1 to99.9%, especially 1 to 95%, of the desired ingredients, and 99.9 to0.1%, especially 99 to 5%, of a solid or liquid adjuvant or diluent,including, for example, a solvent or diluent such as water, wherebyauxiliary components may include surfactants in an amount of from 0 to50%, especially 0.5 to 40%, based on the pre-mix formulation.Preferably, a formulation for seed treatment application comprises 0.25to 80%, especially 1 to 75%, of the desired ingredients, and 99.75 to20%, especially 99 to 25%, of a solid or liquid auxiliary compounds,including, for example, a diluent such as water, with auxiliarycompounds such as surfactants in an amount of from 0 to 40%, especially0.5 to 30%, based on the tank-mix formulation. Advantageously, a pre-mixformulation for seed treatment application may comprises 0.5 to 99.9%,especially 1 to 95%, of the desired ingredients, and 99.5 to 0.1%,especially 99 to 5%, of a solid or liquid adjuvant, including, forexample, a diluents such as water, whereby the auxiliary compounds suchas surfactants in an amount of 0 to 50%, especially 0.5 to 40%, based onthe pre-mix formulation.

In general, the pre-mix compositions used in the subject process maycontain 0.5 to 99.9 especially 1 to 95, advantageously 1 to 50%, by massof the desired ingredients, and 99.5 to 0.1, especially 99 to 5%, bymass of a solid or liquid adjuvant, including, for example, a solvent ordiluent such as water, and auxiliary compounds such as surfactants in anamount of from 0 to 50, especially of from 0.5 to 40%, by mass based onthe mass of the pre-mix formulation. Preferably, the composition maycomprise 0.1 to 99%, especially 0.1 to 95%, of active ingredient and 1to 99.9%, especially 5 to 99.9%, of at least one solid or liquidadjuvant, it being possible as a rule for 0 to 25%, especially 0.1 to20%, of the composition to be surfactants (% in each case meaningpercent by weight). Whereas concentrated compositions tend to bepreferred for commercial goods, the end consumer as a rule uses dilutecompositions which have substantially lower concentrations of activeingredient.

A formulation for seed treatment application at the nozzle comprises0.25 to 80%, especially 1 to 75%, of the desired ingredients, and 99.75to 20%, especially 99 to 25%, of a solid or liquid auxiliaries(including, for example, a solvent such as water), where the auxiliariescan be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 40%, especially 0.5 to 30%,based on the tank-mix formulation.

Typically, a pre-mix formulation as present in a cartridge for seedtreatment application may comprise 0.5 to 99.9%, especially 1 to 95%, ofthe desired ingredients, and 99.5 to 0.1%, especially 99 to 5%, of asolid or liquid adjuvant (including, for example, a solvent such aswater), where the auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to50%, especially 0.5 to 40%, based on the pre-mix formulation.

Examples of anionic surfactants include alkyl sulfates, alcoholsulfates, alcohol ether sulfates, alpha olefin sulfonates, alkylarylether sulfates, arylsulfonates, alkylsulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates,sulfosuccinates, mono-or diphosphate esters of polyalkoxylated alkylalcohols or alkyl phenols, mono- or disulfosuccinate esters of alcoholsor polyalkoxylated alkanols, alcohol ether carboxylates, phenol ethercarboxylates. In one embodiment, the surfactant is an alkylarylsulfonate.

Examples of non-ionic surfactants include sorbitan esters, ethoxylatedsorbitan esters, alkoxylated alkylphenols, alkoxylated alcohols, blockcopolymer ethers, and lanolin derivatives. In accordance with oneembodiment, the surfactant comprises an alkylether block copolymer.

Non-limiting examples of cationic surfactants include mono alkylquaternary amine, fatty acid amide surfactants, amidoamine, imidazoline,and polymeric cationic surfactants.

In some embodiments, the treatment composition comprises a co-solvent inaddition to diluent such as water.

Non-limiting examples of co-solvents that can be used include ethyllactate, methyl soyate/ethyl lactate co-solvent blends (e.g., STEPOSOL,available from Stepan), isopropanol, acetone, 1,2-propanediol,n-alkylpyrrolidones (e.g., the AGSOLEX series, available from ISP), apetroleum based-oil (e.g., AROMATIC series and SOLVESSO series availablefrom Exxon Mobil), isoparaffinic fluids (e.g. ISOPAR series, availablefrom Exxon Mobil), cycloparaffinic fluids (e.g. NAPPAR 6, available fromExxon Mobil), mineral spirits (e.g. VARSOL series available from ExxonMobil), and mineral oils (e.g., paraffin oil).

The liquid seed treatment composition may also be in the form of anaqueous slurry comprising one or more dispersed solid phases and acontinuous aqueous phase. In some instances, the liquid seed treatmentcomposition further comprises a dispersed liquid organic phase. Forexample, the composition may be in the form of an aqueous suspensionconcentrate.

Where the dressing formulation is to be applied to the at least one seedor pant propagation material as an emulsion, the emulsifiableconcentrate pre-mix may include the at least one 2,4-(substitutedaromatic)-1,3-oxazoline compound, and at least one liquid carrier. Theat least one 2,4-(substituted aromatic)-1,3-oxazoline compound may besubstantially dissolved in the at least one liquid carrier. Theemulsifiable concentrate may, optionally, include at least oneemulsifier at a concentration within a range of from about 1 percent byweight to about 30 percent by weight. As used herein, the term“emulsifier” means and includes a material that stabilizes a suspensionof droplets of one liquid phase in another liquid phase. The at leastone emulsifier may be non-ionic, anionic, cationic, or a combinationthereof. Non-limiting examples of non-ionic emulsifiers includepolyalkylene glycol ethers and condensation products of alkyl and arylphenols, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic amines or fatty acids withethylene oxide, propylene oxides such as the ethoxylated alkyl phenols,and carboxylic esters solubilized with the polyol or polyoxyalkylene.Non-limiting examples of anionic emulsifiers include oil-soluble salts(e.g., calcium) of alkylaryl sulphonic acids, oil-soluble salts,sulfated polyglycol ethers, and salts of phosphated polyglycol ether.Non-limiting examples of cationic emulsifiers include quaternaryammonium compounds, and fatty amine salts. The emulsifiable concentratemay also contain other compatible additives, such as plant growthregulators and other biologically active compounds used in agriculture.A concentration of the at least one 2,4-(substitutedaromatic)-1,3-oxazoline compound in the emulsifiable concentrate may,for example, be within a range of from about 10 percent by weight toabout 50 percent by weight. In one or more embodiments, the emulsifiableconcentrate may be diluted with water and oil to form spray mixtures inthe form of oil-in-water emulsions.

If, for example, the formulation is applied to the at least one seed asan aqueous suspension, the aqueous suspension may include the at leastone 2,4-(substituted aromatic)-1,3-oxazoline compound dispersed in anaqueous liquid carrier (e.g., water). A concentration of the at leastone 2,4-(substituted aromatic)-1,3-oxazoline compound in the aqueoussuspension may be within a range from about 5 to about 50 weightpercent. The aqueous suspension may be prepared by finely grinding theat least one 2,4-(substituted aromatic)-1,3-oxazoline compound, andmixing the at least one 2,4-(substituted aromatic)-1,3-oxazolinecompound into the aqueous liquid carrier. The aqueous suspension may,optionally, include at least one surfactant that may aid in theformation and/or the stabilization of the aqueous suspension. Othermaterials, such as inorganic salts and synthetic or natural gums, may beadded to increase one or more of the density and the viscosity of theaqueous suspension.

Non-limiting examples of suitable water-immiscible solvents includearomatic hydrocarbons derived from benzene, such as toluene, xylenes,other alkylated benzenes and the like, and naphthalene derivatives,aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, octane, cyclohexane, and thelike, mineral oils from the aliphatic or isoparaffinic series, andmixtures of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons; halogenated aromatic oraliphatic hydrocarbons; vegetable, seed or animal oils such as soybeanoil, rape seed oil, olive oil, castor oil, sunflower seed oil, coconutoil, corn oil, cotton seed oil, linseed oil, palm oil, peanut oil,safflower oil, sesame oil, tung oil and the like, and C₁-C₆ mono-estersderived from vegetable, seed or animal oils; C₁-C₆ dialkyl amides ofC₆-C₂₀ saturated and unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as,N—N-dimethyl alkyl amide; C₁-C₁₂ esters of aromatic carboxylic acids anddicarboxylic acids and C₁-C1₂ esters of aliphatic and cyclo-aliphaticcarboxylic acids; C₄-C₁₂ polyesters of dihydric, trihydric, or otherlower polyalcohols such as, propylene glycol dioleate, di-octylsuccinate, di-butyl adipate, di-octyl phthalate and the like. Theaqueous emulsion may be prepared by emulsifying the at least one2,4-(substituted aromatic)-1,3-oxazoline compound or a water-immisciblesolution thereof into the aqueous liquid carrier. The aqueous emulsionmay, optionally, include at least one surfactant that may aid in theformation and/or the stabilization of the aqueous emulsion.

The at least one adjuvant material, may also comprise one or moreconventional adjuvants used in the agricultural sciences art including,but not limited to, a wetting agent, a dispersant, a binder, apenetrant, a fertilizer, a growth regulator, a buffer, a dye, asequestering agent, a drift reduction agent, a compatibility agent, aviscosity regulator, an anti-foam agent, a cleaning agent, a surfactant,an emulsifier, combinations thereof, and the like. Suitable adjuvantmaterials are well known in the agricultural sciences art (e.g., see“Chemistry and Technology of Agrochemical Formulations” edited by D. A.Knowles, copyright 1998 by Kluwer Academic Publishers; also see“Insecticides in Agriculture and Environment—Retrospects and Prospects”by A. S. Perry, I. Yamamoto, I. Ishaaya, and R. Perry, copyright 1998 bySpringer-Verlag). In at least some embodiments, the at least oneadjuvant material includes at least one binder (e.g., a polyacrylate, apolymethacrylate, a polybutene, a polyisobutylene, a polyether, apolyethyleneamine, a polyethyleneamide, a polyethyleneimine, apolystyrene, a polyurethane, a polyvinylalcohol, a polyvinylpyrrolidone,polyvinylacetate, copolymers derived from such polymers, andcombinations thereof) that may enhance the adhesion of the at least one2,4-(substituted aromatic)-1,3-oxazoline compound to the at least oneseed or plant propgataion material.

The dressing composition may also comprise a binder. The binder (or anyof the layers) can be molasses, granulated sugar, alginates, karaya gum,jaguar gum, tragacanth gum, polysaccharide gum, mucilage, gelatin,polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols,polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, styrene acrylate polymers, styrenebutadiene polymers, celluloses (including ethylcelluloses andmethylcelluloses, hydroxypropylcelluloses, hydroxymethyl celluloses,hydroxymethylpropyl-celluloses), polyvinylpyrolidones, dextrins,malto-dextrins, polysaccharides, fats, oils, proteins, gum arabics,shellacs, vinylidene chloride, vinylidene chloride copolymers, calciumlignosulfonates, acrylic copolymers, starches, derivatized starches,polyvinylacrylates, zeins, carboxymethylcellulose, chitosan,polyethylene oxide, acrylimide polymers and copolymers, polyhydroxyethylacrylate, methylacrylimide monomers, alginate, ethylcellulose,polychloroprene, syrups or any combination thereof.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the dressingcomposition may comprise a plant biostimulant. Plant biostimulants areusually components other than fertilizers that affect plant growthand/or metabolism upon foliar application or when added to soil. Plantbiostimulants generally fall within one of three categories:hormone-containing products, amino acid-containing products and humicacid-containing products. Plant biostimulants are used to treat crops ina commercial setting in view of their ability to, for example, increasegrowth rates, decrease pest plant growth, increase stress tolerance,increase photosynthetic rate, and increase disease tolerance. Plantbiostimulants are generally believed to operate by up-regulating ordown-regulating plant hormones, such as Cis-jasmone, Methyl-jasmonateand Jasmonic acid.

Preferred biostimulants include extract of seaweed and fermentationproduct derived from melasse; extract of seaweed and fermentationproduct derived from melasse comprising urea, amino acids, potassium andmolybdenum and EDTA-chelated manganese, extract of seaweed and fermentedplant products, extract of seaweed and fermented plant productscomprising phytohormones, vitamins, EDTA-chelated copper, zinc, andiron. Further agricultural compounds may include repellants, such asPeppermint oil, Chilli pepper oils and/or Plant oil extracts of variousspecies.

Other and further objects and advantages of the present invention willbe obvious upon an understanding of the illustrative embodiments aboutto be described or will be indicated in the appended claims, and variousadvantages not referred to herein will occur to one skilled in the artupon employment of the invention in practice. The features of thepresent invention which are believed to be novel are set forth withparticularity in the appended claims.

1. A sowing device for discharging and treating treated plantpropagation materials after discharging while falling onto an underlyingagricultural surface, the device having a reservoir container (10) forthe plant propagation materials, having a separating device (20) whichis configured to separate plant propagation materials (K) fed from thereservoir container (10) and to output them individually, and having anapplication device (30) to apply a dressing comprising a substratebearing the at least one agricultural compound onto the separated plantmaterials (K) from a cartridge assembly comprising one or morecartridges that each are separate from the reservoir container (10) inthe sowing device, wherein the application device (30) is configured toapply the dressing from the one or more cartridges to the separatedplant materials (K) after they leave the separating device (20) whilethe separated plant materials (K) fall freely on toward the underlyingagricultural surface (B) wherein the device and the one or morecartridges are configured to allow repeated removal from the device, andoptionally, refilling with the dressing composition and replacing in thedevice, with minimal operator interaction.
 2. Device according to claim1, wherein the cartridge assembly comprises at least one cartridge orcannister comprising the at least one agricultural compound, and acomputer-readable unit having information stored therein, the dispensingassembly comprising: a) a controller unit; b) a dispensing unit incommunication with the controller unit and configured for generating afluid supply flow to the application device; c) an interface unit incommunication with the controller unit, the interface unit beingconfigured to interface the computer-readable unit of the cartridge andto at least retrieve the information stored therein; wherein thedispensing unit is responsive to the information stored on thecomputer-readable unit and retrieved therefrom; preferably, wherein thecontroller unit and the interface unit are integral, and/or wherein thecontroller unit is configured to retrieve and to write information fromand onto the computer-readable unit via the interface unit.
 3. Deviceaccording to claim 2, wherein the controller unit is configured tocontrol the fluid supply unit based on the information stored on thecomputer-readable unit and retrieved therefrom.
 4. Device according toclaim 2, wherein the controller unit is configured to modulate thevolume and pressure of the fluid supply unit based on the informationstored on the computer-readable unit and retrieved therefrom.
 5. Deviceaccording to claim 2, wherein the interface unit comprises a connectoror a radio-frequency transceiver.
 6. Device according to claim 1,wherein the one or more cartridges are each connected to a nozzle from aplurality of nozzles, through which the dressing can be applied from thecartridge to the plant materials.
 7. Device according to claim 1,configured to comprise a plurality of the cartridges that each comprisea different dressing composition.
 8. Device according to claim 1,further comprising a diluent reservoir for holding and supplying adiluent composition, and a diluent control unit for controlling thesupply of the diluent composition during application.
 9. Deviceaccording to claim 8, wherein the diluent composition is configured tosupply diluent to flush the supply lines, and/or for diluting and/ortransporting the agricultural compound to the application device (30).10. Device according to claim 1, the device comprising at least twocartridge connector units for detachably attaching the cartridges to thedevice, wherein each cartridge comprises a reservoir configured to holdat least an agricultural compounds, wherein a first compound being oneof an herbicide, a pesticide, a and a fungicide, the second compoundbeing one of the same, or of a different herbicide, a differentpesticide and a different fungicide; the device further comprising amixing controller unit configured to compose a seed dressing compositionfrom the at least first and at least second cartridge and the diluentcomposition.
 11. Device according to claim 10, comprising a processorconfigured to identify the plant material and at least one additionalenvironmental parameter, and to controllably regulate the amount of thediluent, first chemical and/or second compound to be respectivelyprovided to the fluid supply lines, and controlling the supply to theformed composition to application device.
 12. Device according to claim1, the device further comprising a transmitter configured to transmit atleast the seed data and the at least one additional data to a remotecomputer for data analysis, wherein the transmitter is configured totransmit an order request to the remote computer for the remote computerto prepare and procure another cartridge with suitable agriculturalcompounds to selectively compose a seed treatment, preferably whereinthe transmission is an automatic wireless transmission, a manuallyinitiated transmission, or a physical wired connection, and preferablywherein the other cartridge is delivered to an address corresponding toa location of the device.
 13. A cartridge configured to be detachablyattached to the device according to claim 1 in a tamper-proof manner,the cartridge comprising: a. a reservoir configured to hold at least afirst agricultural compound, and, optionally, b. a controllable conduitoperatively connected to the reservoir of the cartridge; and c. acartridge controller that controllably regulates the dispensing of the afirst agricultural compound to conduit when the cartridge is in fluidconnection, and controls the dispensing of the a first agriculturalcompound into the fluid supply system and interacts with the devicecontroller unit.
 14. A method for applying a dressing to a plantmaterial or seed during the planting process, the method comprising (i)providing the plant material, (ii) providing a dressing device accordingto claim 1, and (iii) selectively applying a dressing aliquot to theplant material external to the device while the plant material isfalling onto the agricultural surface.
 15. A computer-readable storagemedium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, causethe computer to carry out the steps of the method of claim 14.